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CRESTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR ORIGINS AS 
CLAIMED BY THEIR OWNERS 
Crests Inherited in the Maternal Line and Explained in a Myth 
The truth of these myths (ada-orh) formerly was not questioned by the 
natives. Mythical experiences and adventures, encounters with spirits 
and visions, were the usual sources of such crests. These were nothing 
but emblematic commemorations of a supernatural experience of some 
ancestors in the past. 
The Owl, the Aloon, the Thunder-bird, the IMountain-fern (Owner: Waw- 
semlarhffi; phratry, the Fireweed; the tribe and village, Kispayaks) 
The Rainbow and the Stars (Hanamuq, Fireweed, Gitsegyukla) 
The Moon, Skawah, Ligiyu’wen, the Mountain-goat, the Owl, the Grouse 
(Gurhsan, Fireweed, Gitsegyukla) 
The Sun or the Moon, the Grizzly-bear, the Mountain-fern (Gitludahl, 
Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
Bird-of-the-air, Decayed-corpse or the Moth, the Blackfish, the Fireweed 
(Harhpegwawtu, Fireweed, Gitsegyukla) 
The Hagwelarh (sea-monster), the Moth, Winged-person (Ksrarom-larhse, 
Fireweed, Gitsegyukla) 
Thunder-bird, White-otter, the Blackfish (Kweeyaihl, Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
The Snake (Q«l, Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
The Mountain-goat (Leelebeks, Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
The Snag-of-the-water, Skulls, Thunder-bird, Large-eyes {Weeneel ), Grizzly- 
bear-under-the-water, the Grizzly-of-Stekyawden (Weegyet, Fire- 
weed, Gitsegyukla) 
Mr. Ross'-dog; this experience of everyday life at Fort St. James, after 
1808 — the first time a white man’s dog was seen — was treated as a 
supernatural event (Wa-igyet, Fireweed, Kisgagas) 
Whole-being (Marhkyawl), Flying-frogs (Hlengwah, Frog-Raven, Kit- 
wanga) 
Flying-frogs (Halus, Frog-Raven, Kit wan ga) 
’Neegyamks and Flying-frogs (Kweenu, Frog-Raven, Gitwinlkul) 
The Eagle, the Frog (Mawlarhen, Frog-Raven, Gitsegyukla) 
The Flying-frogs, the Eagle Mawdzeks, the White-groundhog, Copper- 
Smell, Person-of-the-doorway (Lielt, Frog-Raven, Kitwanga) 
Flying-frogs and ’Neegyamks, the Water-lily (Harhu, Frog-Raven, Kis- 
payaks) 
Real-Kingfisher, the Eagle Mawdzeks, the Frogs (Ramlarhyaelk, Frog- 
Raven, Gitwinlkul) 
Shadows, Great-protruding-being (Lurhawn, Frog-Raven, Gitwinlkul) 
Strong-man, Kaigyet (Gysedem-skanees, Frog-Raven, Hagwelget) 
Frogs-jammed-up (Ma’us, Frog-Raven, Kispayaks) 
Ensnared-bear, Hrpeesunt the ancestress, the Bear-cubs, the Mountain- 
lion (Arhteeh, Wolf, Kitwanga) 
The Woodpecker, the Thunder-bird, the Caterpillar, Tsewiladaw (Weerhse, 
Wolf, Gitwinlkul) 
Wolf-pack-migrating, the Wolf, Ligi-ralwil (Haidzemerhs, Wolf, Gitwinl- 
kul) 
Temdimawks — the ancestress, the Grizzly-bear (Malee, Wolf, Gitwinlkul) 
Shadows-in-the-lake (Kyawlugyet, Wolf, Qaldo) 
