176 
Devices 
Hole-through-sky — W tdnaqaq, a ceremonial entrance for a feast house, used 
by several families of the Wolf phratry (Haidzemerhs, Weerhae, Kleem- 
larhse, of Gitwinlkul and Kispayaks) 
Dzarauhlaw^ — Large-nose, also a ceremonial entrance (Qsel, Fire weed, 
Kispayaks, and several Wolf families on the upper Skeena) 
Real-kingfisher, a ceremonial entrance (Lurhawn, Frog-Raven, Gitwinlkul) 
Drum-person, a ceremonial drum (Qawq, Eagle, Kitwanga) 
Raven-drum and Frog-dish (Kweenu, Frog-Raven, Gitwinlkul) 
Unaccounted for 
Several of the most ancient crests, such as the Wolf, the Eagle, the 
Eagle Mawdzeks, the Frog, Blackfish, are as a rule taken for granted, with- 
out an setiological explanation. Or else, the myth is lost. 
Marhgyet or Marhkyawl (Wistis, Frog-Raven, Gitsegyukla) 
Marhkyawl, Raven-sailing-through-the-air, Thunder-bird (Hlengwah, Frog- 
Raven) 
Man-of-comb, On-sleeps-the-Raven, the Frog (Mawlarhen, Frog-Raven, 
Gitsegyukla) 
Shingles, a white man’s device, presumably adopted as a crest after it was 
first seen at Fort St. James, after 1808 (Harhu, Frog-Raven, Kispayaks) 
Wolf-cut-in-half and Climbing-bears (Kwahadaq, Wolf, Kitamat) 
Great-protruding-being (Mawlarhen and Tu’pesu, Frog-Raven, Gitse- 
gyukla) 
Real-kingfisher and Sleeping-place-of-Raven (Ramlarhyselk, Frog-Raven, 
Gitwinlkul) 
Nose-like-cohoe and Corpse-split (Gitemraldo, Frog-Raven, Kitamat) 
Split-Eagle^ — may have been an imitation in the first place of the imperial 
Russian coat-of-arms (Qawq, Eagle, Kitwanga) 
Wild-crab-apple-tree (Leelebeks, Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
The Wolf (Arhteeh, Wolf, Kitwanga) 
The Raven (Anklawrh, Hagwelget) 
Crests that are Signatures of Carvers 
The Star-fish, signature of the carver Kweenu, Frog-Raven, Gitwinlkul, 
on the pole of Tewalasu, Eagle, Kitwanga 
The Bear, crest of Kyserhu, Wolf, of Gitlarhdamks, on the Nass, the carver, 
on the pole of Ha’ku and T-haku, Frog-Raven, Kitwanga 
The Beaver, signature of the carver Gitrhawn, Eagle, Kitsalas, on the pole 
of Lsclt, Frog-Raven, Kitwanga 
ORIGINS OF THE CRESTS EXPLAINED IN MYTHS 
(ADA-ORH) AND TRADITIONS 
(a) A Spirit or a Monster “Seen” in the Course of a Supernatural 
Experience, Usually by the Members of One Family, Who 
Commemorated Their Experience by Depicting It in a New 
Crest, Thereafter Hereditary. 
The Large-snake, “seen” in a lake (Qsel, Fireweed, Kispayaks) 
The Single-fireweed, “seen” as a spirit at a long distance (Fireweed families 
of Kitsalas, Nees-tarhawk, etc.) 
