207 
a few articles of iron and copper, and in one of the diaries of this expedition it is mentioned 
that in the hands of the natives was seen an old bayonet, and pieces of other iron imple- 
ments, which the pilot, Estevan Martinez, conjectured must have belonged to the boats' 
crews lost from Chirikoff’s vessel somewhere in these latitudes in the year 1741. (P. 136.) 
In 1779 a third voyage was made by the Spaniards under Quadra and Maurelle, and in 
the Kaigani country called Bucareli Bay they were visited by numerous Indians who sold 
them furs of all kinds, woven conical hats, wristlets of copper and iron, ear pendants of 
mother-of-pearl, copper holding a topaz coloured resin, and jet beads. The married women 
were noticed to wear labrets, while the girls had only a copper-needle in the lip. When 
fighting, the Indians wore a protection of boards and webbing, with helmets formed of 
the skmls of wild animals. (P. 136.) 
Their arms were bows and arrows; lances with points of iron; knives longer than 
bayonets^ and little axes of flint or green stone so hard as to cleave the hardest wood 
without injury to their edges. (P. 136.) 
Well-carved dishes or bowls were noticed and they sold model canoes, painted in 
various colours, showing animal figures. They also had frogs made of wood, opening 
like tobacco boxes, in which to keep trinkets, and cubical boxes with figures of animals 
carved on the sides. (P. 136.) 
In 1788 Captain Charles Duncan, of the ship “Princess Royal,” several times visited 
the east coast of the island. (P. 137.) 
Douglas states that the village stood on a very fine spot of ground around which was 
some appearance of cultivation. The first mention of carved poles among the Haida 
was made by Douglas, who speaks of them as great wooden images. (P. 137.) 
In the year 1791 there were two visits to the northwest end of the Queen Charlotte 
group of which pretty full accounts have lieen kept. The first was by Captain Ingraham 
in “The Hopie,” who, after passing along the coast from the southward reached North 
Island in the early part of July. Here he met a Kaigani chief named Cow. whose descendant 
at present lives at Klinkwan, Prince of Wales Island. In Ingraham's unpubUshed log 
particular mention is made of two carved house-posts through which doorways were cut, 
and of the central excavation in one house. (P. 138.) 
Here too were seen frames of a number of houses, and some broad boards painted in 
a curious manner. Near the village were graves with pillars about ten feet high. On 
another day he examined a curious isolated rock on the top of which were graves enclosing 
the remains of several chiefs, and in front of which were four wooden images resembling 
the human figure. (P. 137.) 
In August of the same year the French Captain Marchand was also on the North 
West Coast in the Solide. (P. 137.) 
It is stated definitely that only two totem-poles were seen, and these were at the 
village on North Island. (P. 137.) 
A long interval occurred before any further account of the Indians was published. 
Captain Camille de Roquefeuil in the ship Bordelais had a great deal of trouble with the 
Kaigani Indians in this year not far from the present Tlingit village of Klowak at the head 
of Bucareli Sound, and lost a large number of his Aleutian hunters, who were massacred 
by Tlingits and Haidas. (P. 141.) 
In Massett Inlet he found four villages, some on the east and some on the west side 
of the entrance, which were better constructed and better kept than those farther north. 
They were above all remarkable for the monstrous and colossal figures which decorated 
the houses of those of higher rank, and of which the gaping mouth served as a door. 
(P. 141.) 
(12) The Pacific-Russian Scientific Investigations, Academy of 
Sciences. Publishing Office of the Academy, Leningrad — 1926 
(a) Russian Discoveries in the Pacific, by L. Berg 
“The Coasts of the Bering Strait. Long before Cook (1778), Russians knew of the 
existence of land beyond cape Dezhnev, and there was even a special name for America — 
Bolshaya Zemlya (The Great Land). Of this land a detailed account was given in the 
year 1711 at the Anadyr Fort by a Yakutsk officer, Peter Popov. In 1726, Afanasi (Athan- 
asius) Shestakov, a golova (headman) of the cossacks of Yakutsk, brought to St. Peters- 
