6 
About three thousand one hundred and sixty, or about 88 per cent 
of the animal remains, are bones of mammals. Most of them are in frag- 
ments and a few are charred. The following species of mammals, given 
in order of relative abundance, are represented: Virginia deer, grey or 
black squirrel, black bear, woodchuck, red fox, Canadian beaver, raccoon, 
dog, red squirrel, chipmunk, grey fox (Urocyon sp.) 1 , grey wolf, pine marten, 
Canada porcupine, otter, mink, muskrat, rabbit ( Sylvilagus sp.), Canada 
lynx, meadow mouse, and a species of deer mouse (Peromyscus sp.). More 
than two thousand, or about 70 per cent of the mammal remains, are those 
of the deer. All of these, except the smaller foot bones, are more or less 
fragmentary; even the lower jaws and the phalanges were split. The 
bones of the dog, occurring in association with the remains of other animals, 
may indicate that its flesh was used as food, although perhaps ceremonially 
only. The ends of some of the deer bones are gnawed, by dogs apparently. 
The bones of the meadow mouse and deer mouse may have been acciden- 
ally introduced into the refuse deposits, or may indicate that those animals 
were eaten. According to Sagard, mice were used as food by the Hurons. 2 
BOCK, MINERAL, ANIMAL, AND VEGETAL RESOURCES 
The materials used in the manufacture of artifacts consisted of rocks, 
minerals, bones, antlers, teeth, and, probably, wood and vegetal fibres. 
Rock and Mineral Materials 
No rock is visible anywhere in the vicinity of the site and no boulders 
or even pebbles occur naturally in its soil. Most of the rocks and minerals 
used by the inhabitants were probably obtained from surface supplies in 
other parts of the township, for nearly all of them occur in the drift. Of 
those discovered the majority are either in process of manufacture or are 
finished artifacts. The different kinds, given in order of abundance, 
are as follows: chert, shale, sandstone, hornblende schist, limestone, basalt, 
slate, chalcedony, quartz, quartzite, diorite, diabase, gabbro, impure 
arkose, granite-gneiss, syenite, hornblendite, pyroxenite, bituminous shale, 
and hematite. 
Chert, always of the same colour, is the most abundant stone material. 
About three thousand chips were found, one-half of them in a single refuse 
deposit. Some retain part of the original waterworn surface of the pebble, 
showing that a proportion of the material came from the drift or gravel 
beds, rather than from rocks in situ; most of it was probably obtained from 
point Abino, on the shore of lake Erie, about 75 miles southeast. Of these 
three thousand chips and chunks of chert about five hundred are slightly 
worked and two hundred are real artifacts. 
Although several chips of opaque chalcedony were discovered no 
artifacts were made of this material. 
One chip and two projectile points of quartz, and two chips and one 
point of quartzite, were also found. Artifacts chipped from quartz and 
quartzite are rarely found at later Neutral sites in this part of Ontario. 
'The discovery of bones of this animal is probably the only record of its presence in Ontario in prehistoric times. 
See Wintemberg, W, J. : “Archaeological Evidence Concerning the Presence of the Grey Fox ( Urocyon sp. ) in Ontario," 
The Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. XXXV, pp. 19-20 (January, 1921). 
3 Le Grand Voyage du Pays des Hurons, new ed., 1865, pp. 312-313, and Histoire du Canada, new ed,, vol. Ill, 
p. 689. 
