7 
No copper, or artifact of copper, was found, but the people here were 
probably acquainted with it, as copper artifacts have been found at 
neighbouring sites of the same culture. A. E. Moore found a copper point 
for a spear at the site on his farm, and a hammered piece was found in a 
refuse deposit at the site on the Force farm, Burford township, by the late J. 
F. Rathbun, of Drumbo, Ont. 1 A copper point for a spear, and a curved 
copper knife, are said to have been taken from “mounds” near Norwich 
by the late Warren Haley. 2 As there are no mounds 3 in the neighbourhood, 
these artifacts must have come from one of the nearby sites, probably 
the one on the Oddy and Bertrand farms, where most of the specimens 
in Mr. Haley’s collection are said to have been obtained. 
Clay of good quality for pottery making is found in the valley of the 
little creek, and in the bank above one of the springs. 
Animal Materials 
All less perishable animal materials, such as bones, antlers, teeth, and 
shells were found. It may be assumed that the pelts of some of the mammals 
mentioned in the list on an earlier page were made into clothing and that 
the plumage of some of the birds was used for personal adornment. The 
sinews of animals may have been used for sewing and for snares. 
Bone . Judging from the number of specimens found, more artifacts 
were made of bone than of any other animal material. Both whole bones 
and pieces of split bones were used. 
Although certain whole bones required very little modification to 
transform them into artifacts, very few were so treated. They consist 
chiefly of radii, tibio-tarsi, and tarsi-metatarsi of birds, splint bones and 
ulnae of the deer, ulnae of the raccoon and bear, and fibulae of the lynx, 
which were made into awl-like tools. A few dorsal and pectoral spines of 
the catfish, and the jaw of another large fish, were used for various pur- 
poses, humeri, ulnae, radii, and tibio-tarsi of birds were cut into beads, 
some turtle shells appear to have been made into rattles, and parts of them 
were certainly converted into ornaments. 
About one thousand three hundred, or 37 per cent of the animal 
bones, found at Uren, including even a few ribs, are split. One rib has 
the outer wall broken off, probably to shape into a needle-like tool like the 
one seen in Plate XX, figure 23. More than one thousand, or about 
70 per cent of the split bones, belonged to deer. Very few can be recog- 
nized as bear bones, and artifacts made from bear bones are correspondingly 
few. The split deer bones consist of pieces of lower jaws, pelvi, and the 
larger leg bones. Pieces of the metapodials were the most numerous. 
The deep natural groove on the front and back of the metatarsals per- 
mitted the bone to be easily broken into long, slender pieces suitable for 
manufacture into awls. Besides, these grooves required very little deep- 
ening to allow the bone to be still more easily broken. 
Many of the split pieces of bone are of a size and shape suitable for 
manufacture into artifacts, but, in spite of the large quantity of this and 
other bone material available, only three hundred and twenty-two speci- 
*Cat. No. 36788, Provincial Museum, Toronto. 
s Cat. Nos. 25136 and 25137, Provincial Museum, Toronto. 
*The writer has heard Mr. Haley refer to refuse deposits as mounds. 
