8 
mens show artificial modification. Fifteen of these are merely scraped 
and polished pieces of bone, fifty-eight show cutting, fifteen are unfinished, 
and two hundred and thirty-four finished artifacts. 
Antler. Fewer artifacts were made of antler than of bone, for among 
over two hundred pieces of antler, there are only twenty-seven worked 
pieces and twelve finished artifacts. 
Teeth. Teeth seem to have been rarely used as material. Only canines 
of the bear and incisors of the beaver show artificial modification. The 
bear teeth were broken into splinters or had the dentine chipped or broken 
off for some purpose, Plate XXI, figure 4. No finished artifacts made of 
these teeth were found. A few incisors of the beaver were split and a 
few others were made into tools (page 23). 
Freshwater Shells. Clam shells were the only freshwater shells that 
were used as fools. 
Marine Shell. A shell of a small ocean mollusc, which ranges from 
cape Hatteras to the West Indies, had been made into a bead. 
Vegetal Materials 
The use of wood for artifacts may be inferred. All the charcoal found 
here is of close-grained wood, probably pine. 
That vegetal fibres were made into cords is suggested by what seem 
to be cord impressions on pottery. 
THE SECURING OF FOOD 
Implements used in securing animal food consist of points for arrows, 
chipped from stone, points made of bone and antler, a barbed antler point 
for a harpoon, and what may have been a bone point for a compound fish- 
hook. The presence of corn and a sunflower seed show that the soil was 
cultivated, but no artifacts were found which seem adapted for use as 
blades for hoes and spades. Such implements, therefore, were probably 
made of wood. 
POINTS FOR ARROWS, CHIPPED FROM STONE 
Thirty-three whole, and sixty-eight fragmentary, finished and unfin- 
ished points for arrows, were found. More than half of the fragmentary 
points have the tip missing, and about one-third are tips of broken points. 
A few have part of one of the edges broken off; in others part of the base is 
missing. 
All but three of the points are chipped from grey chert, the rest from 
quartz and quartzite. 
The points are leaf-shaped, triangular, pentagonal, stemmed, and 
notched. They are from f-inch to 2\ inches long. One of the imperfect 
triangular points was probably 3 inches long before it was broken. 
Seven of the whole number of recognizable types of points are some- 
what leaf-shaped. One of these is the rough asymmetrical point illustrated 
in Plate I, figure 1, which may also be a blank in process of specialization 
into a notched point. It is about nine-sixteenths inch thick. The point 
illustrated in figure 2, which may not have been used as a projectile point 
at all, retains most of the original fracture on the reverse side, making it 
almost plano-convex, and has three deep notches on the left edge. 
