12 
been used either directly in the hand or set in a handle. Unmistakable 
cuts, apparently made with a knife when removing the flesh, can be seen 
on some of the animal bones. 
Clam shells with sharp ventral margins also may have been used for 
cutting. We have the testimony of Henry Hudson that clam shells were 
so used by the Indians 1 . 
POTTERY 
Although none of the earthenware pots was whole, nearly six thousand 
fragments were .secured, about one thousand seven hundred of them being 
fragments of rims. It would be difficult to determine the exact number 
of pots without restoration, but, estimating from the rims, there would be 
about one thousand and seventy. 
Most of the fragments were found above the layer of ashes, some being 
at a depth of 2^ feet. The larger pieces were found below plough depth, 
which accounts for their size. 
Judging from the size and shape of the fragments, the pots varied 
from a few, a little more than an inch in diameter, that held probably 
about half an ounce (Plate III, figure 5), to some 16 inches in diameter 
across the rim, with a capacity of several gallons (Plate IX, figure 6; Plate 
XII, figure 9; and Plate XIII, figures 3 and 4). The two partly restored 
pots, seen in Plates XV and XVI, probably represent the most usual 
sizes. 
The crudeness of the very small vessels can only be the result of 
carelessness, unless the pots were the work of children, who undoubtedly 
in many cases amused themselves by copying in miniature the pots which 
the women were engaged in making. 
Most of the pots seem to have been symmetrically proportioned, and 
several types can be recognized from the shapes of the fragments. The 
most common had a round-bottomed, globular body, slightly constricted 
neck, and a flaring mouth, mostly with a more or less incurved or rolled 
rim, in which we seem to see the nascent overhanging rim characteristic of 
most Iroquoian pottery (See Plate III, figures 12 and 14; Plate IV, figures 
3, 7, 13, and 14; Plate V, figures 9, 10, 12, 13, and 15; Plate VI, figures 4, 6, 
and 9; Plate VII, figures 3, 5, 10, and 12; Plate VIII, figures 1 and 4; 
Plate IX, figures 1, 2, and 5 to 8; Plate X, figures 5 and 10; Plate XI, 
figures 1, 6, 9, and 10; Plate XII, figures 1, 7, and 9; Plate XIII, figures 
2 to 4, 10, and 11; Plate XIV, figures 1, 2, 15, and 16; and Plate XV). 
Other pots, mostly small and crude, had round bottoms, with the walls 
rising nearly perpendicularly and either slightly incurved at the top (Plate 
III, figure 13), or else with the rim slightly everted. In a few others, as in 
the specimen illustrated in Plate XVI, the rim was smaller in circum- 
ference than the globular body and rose more or less vertically from the 
shoulder. Fragments of only three pots show features distinctly Iroquoian 
in character, the pitcher-like lip seen in Plate XIV, figure 18, and the frag- 
ments illustrated in Plate VIII, figure 8, and Plate IX, figure 3 ( See also 
the cross-sections in figure 2 l , m, and n). 
l De Laet’s Discovery of the New Netherlands, Collections of the New York Historical Society, Sec. ser., 
vol. I, p. 300 (1841), quoting Hudson’s narrative. 
