24 
rested on the edge of the object being chipped. The straight end, which 
seems to show the effects of such treatment, probably received the blows 
of the hammer. Only the larger end of the specimen, illustrated in figure 
3, shows signs of use, this being perhaps the end that was hit with the ham- 
mer. The specimen is slightly polished, and has the cancellated structure 
exposed on the reverse side. The shoulder seen near the broader end is 
natural. Another specimen is in a poor state of preservation. Figure 
4 illustrates a specimen which is more or less rectangular in cross-section. 
Specimens similar to these have been found at later Neutral sites 
in the same county 1 and in Waterloo 2 and Elgin 3 counties. Mills found 
some of the same type at the Baum village site in Ohio 4 . 
HAMMERSTONES 
Three whole and eight fragmentary hammerstones that were found 
consist either of chunks of chert, or pebbles of slate, basalt, diorite, sand- 
stone, shale, or limestone. One chunk of chert has been reduced to a 
more or less oval shape by continuous use, possibly as a chipping or pecking 
hammer. The other hammerstones consist of large oval and pear-shaped 
pebbles, with abrasions on the sides and periphery. Three fragments 
of spatulate pebbles, a broken stone adze or ax, and four whetstones 
bear similar evidences of use as hammers. 
PITTED HAMMERSTONES 
Six other hammerstones are mostly oval or round pebbles, with the 
sides flattened and either one or both pitted. Three have pits on one 
side only, the rest are pitted on both sides; but none of them has the smooth- 
ly rounded pits seen on some specimens from later Neutral sites. One 
of the hammers is an irregularly shaped piece of fossil coral ( Favosites sp.), 
with a deep, irregular pit on one side. The specimen, illustrated in Plate 
XIX, figure 16, has irregular pits on both sides and the entire periphery 
battered. Two other specimens are ojf the same shape. 
Pitted hammerstones were as common here as at later Neutral sites 
in this county and in Waterloo county. 
KNIVES 
No artifacts which can be definitely classed as knives were found. 
It is reasonable to suppose that some of the chert chips with sharp edges 
were used in cutting wood, bone, and antler, although none bears evidence 
of such use. Some of the points for arrows, especially those seen in Plate 
I, figures 1, 4, and 7, may have been used as knives. 
TOOLS MADE OF BEAVER TEETH 
Three tools made of the incisor teeth of the beaver were discovered, 
but it is difficult to determine their exact uses. One is split in half length- 
iFrom village site on lot 10, con. VIII, Blenheim tp., about 22 miles north of this site; Cat. No. 24146, Provincial 
Museum, Toronto. 
*F rorn village site on lot 11, con. II, block A, Wilmot tp.; Cat. No. 24985, Provincial Museum, Toronto. 
»Cat. Nos. VIII-F-859, VIII-F-1282, VIII-F-7816, VIII-F-7819, VIII-F-7823, and VIII-F-7825, National Museum 
of Canada. 
4 Milla, William C.: “Exploration of the Baum Village Site”, Reprint from the Ohio Archaeological and Historical 
Quarterly, vol. XV, Columbus, p. 65 and fig, 53 (1906). 
