27 
luteolus; another is a right valve, probably of the same species of clam; 
a third is too fragmentary to identify. The one seen in Plate XX, figure 6, 
a right valve of either L. luteolus or L. radiatus, has part of the anterior 
and the whole of the ventral edge considerably worn. 
DRAW-SHAVE SCRAPERS OR BEAMING TOOLS MADE OF BONE 
Four fragments seem to have been beaming tools, used in tanning. 
In one of them, made from the left metatarsus of a deer, the back of the 
bone had become so deeply worn and thin at the middle that it was easily 
broken. 
So far as is known no artifacts of this kind have previously been found 
in Ontario. The nearest records we have are from New York 1 and Ohio 2 . 
AWL-LIKE IMPLEMENTS MADE OF BONE 
Of one hundred and twenty-four pointed, bone, awl-like tools more 
than half are broken. The majority were probably used as awls. The 
different kinds and sizes are shown in Plate XX, figures 7 to 22. 
Excepting pottery fragments, bone awls were more numerous than 
any other kind of artifact. 
One specimen is made of a fish bone, nine from bird bones; eightv-five 
are probably made of deer bones, principally ulnae, splint bones, tibiae, 
metacarpals, and metatarsals. Even pieces of the basal portion of deer 
jaws were fashioned into awls. The remaining specimens are made from 
bones of the bear, raccoon, lynx, and undetermined species of animals. 
Long burial has not affected the smooth surfaces of most of the speci- 
mens, a few of which are polished. 
Thirty-five specimens are mere splinters rubbed to a point at the 
smallest end ( See figure 13). Eighty-four retain part of the marrow hollow 
on one side. Twelve are smoothly finished, thus obliterating all the 
distinguishing features of the bones from which they are derived; and of 
these eight are oval in cross-section and four round. Thirteen awls retain 
traces of the longitudinal cutting, on one or both edges and on the sides. 
Most of the awls are acutely pointed, but none double-pointed. They 
vary in length from If to 6f inches. Six specimens have the butts carved 
or notched; some probably for the attachment of a cord, others for orna- 
ment. 
The dorsal spine of a fish, probably a small catfish, illustrated in figure 
7, has the sharpness of the point accentuated by rubbing. The awl seen 
in figure 8 is made from a fibula, probably of a lynx. A specimen made 
from the same kind of bone and retaining one of the joints, was found by 
Mr. Uren. One awl is a sharpened radius of a bird; another, with the tip 
missing, is from the ulna of a bald eagle. Figure 9 illustrates one of two 
specimens derived from tibio-tarsi of two different species of birds. The 
awl illustrated in figure 10 is made from the distal third of the right tarso- 
metatarsus of a wild turkey. A deep V-shaped longitudinal cut can be 
1 See Beauchamp: “Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians,” New York State Mus., Bull. 50, 
Albany, 1902, fig. 331 and description on page 325; and Parker, A. C.; “A Prehistoric Iroquoian Site,” Res. and 
Trans, of the New York State Archaeological Association, Morgan Chap., Rochester, N.Y., 1918, p. 35, and Fig, 
11 , 1 . 
2 Mills, op. cit., fig. 37. 
