28 
seen on each side in line with the tibial artery foramen and the deep notch 
separating the outer from the middle trocheal process. Figure 11 shows 
one of three awls derived from the little bones known as splint bones, which 
support the accessory hooflets of the deer. Of three specimens from the 
proximal half of deer ulnse, one, figure 12, from the left ulna, has most of 
the olecranon process of the bone removed and the distal end sharpened; 
the other two specimens have the tips missing, and the larger end of one 
is polished, possibly from long use, A fourth specimen made from this 
kind of bone was found by Mr. Uren. Two awls are made from the distal 
ends of deer ulnae. The crude specimen seen in figure 14 is derived from 
the distal end of the left tibia of a deer. The large awl or punch, with the 
tip missing, illustrated in figure 15, is the sharpened left ulna of a bear, 
and a fragment of another specimen is derived, apparently, from the same 
kind of bone. One of the largest perfect awls, illustrated in figure 16, is 
made from the front part of the metatarsus of a deer; the broken edges 
have not been smoothed and the proximal joint remains. Another speci- 
men, derived from the same kind of bone, is illustrated in figure 17. It 
was fashioned from a piece cut from the stock bone by longitudinal grooving 
and breaking; the tip is obtusely pointed. The large, wide awl, seen in 
figure 18, seems to be derived from part of the back wall of a deer tibia; 
the presence of a number of deep transverse scars on both sides, near the 
tip, suggests that it was perhaps used as a weaving tool to press down the 
weft of fabrics. A smaller specimen, with the tip missing, is similarly 
but more deeply abraded. A smoothly finished specimen, somewhat oval 
in cross-section, illustrated in figure 19, is ornamented with incised lines 
and notches. The specimen illustrated in figure 20 has the butt grooved, 
possibly for the attachment of a cord, and is nearly round in cross-section. 
The long specimen, seen in figure 21, seems to have been made from the 
thin outer wall of a rib and retains the cancellated structure on one side; 
the edges of the expanded base are ornamented with shallow notches. A 
short, twisted specimen, with deep encircling grooves near the butt, is 
shown in figure 22. 
Bone awls were as numerous here as at later Neutral sites in other parts 
of Oxford county and in Waterloo county. 
PERFORATED NEEDLE-LIKE TOOL MADE OF BONE 
A fragmentary bone needle-like artifact, illustrated in Plate XX, 
figure 23, may have been used either in the making of snowshoes or the 
weaving of mats and coarse fabrics. The cancellous part of the bone 
remains on one side, suggesting its derivation from the outer wall of a rib. 
It is about one-sixteenth inch thick and about one-fourth inch wide. 
The sides near the tip are polished, possibly from use. The eye seems to 
have been oblong and gouged out rather than drilled. The edge of the 
remaining part of the hole shows no signs of wear. 
SPINDLE-WHORLS 
The perforated pottery disks, illustrated in Plate XXIII, figures 3 
and 4, and described as being used, perhaps, in games, do not seem suitable 
for use as spindle-whorls, because the hole in the smaller one is not in the 
centre and the hole in the other is drilled at a slant. 
