29 
CORD OR SINEW SMOOTHERS OF STONE 
Several abraded fragments of oblong and spatulate limestone and 
shale pebbles may have been used as cord or sinew smoothers. 
WEAPONS USED IN WARFARE 
Although no traces of earthworks or palisades were discovered, the 
triangular points for arrows, which are generally believed to have been 
used exclusively in warfare, suggest that the inhabitants were warlike. 
PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURE 
Evidence was discovered that the people of this site worked by break- 
ing, burning and breaking, cutting, cutting and breaking, chipping, peck- 
ing, scraping, rubbing, drilling, perforating, punching, modelling, impres- 
sing, and twisting. Specimens illustrating some of these processes are 
seen in Plate XXI, figures 1 to 21. 
BREAKING 
One of the simplest processes, and one requiring no special tools, was 
that of breaking. Round and oval pebbles with peripheral abrasions, 
such as those described as hammerstones, were probably used in this 
operation. Many long splinters of bone resulted from the process, although 
the primary motive may have been more to extract the marrow from the 
bones, or to make the bones small enough to go into pots for boiling, than 
to secure suitable pieces for the manufacture of artifacts. Plate XXI, 
figure 1, illustrates one of these bone splinters. Stones were in many 
cases broken to obtain suitable pieces. 
BURNING AND BREAKING 
In this process an encircling line seems to have been burnt, around 
the bone, possibly by holding it on a small live coal or flame and revolving 
it, thus rendering this part of the bone brittle and easily broken straight 
across. Three bone beads, one of which, described on page 34, is shown 
in Plate XXII, figure 17, and four phalanges of the deer, described on 
page 36, and illustrated by the two specimens shown in Plate XXIII, 
figures 5 and 7, had an end removed in each case, apparently by burning 
and breaking; at least, the burning does not appear to have occurred 
accidentally subsequent to the breaking. 
The corroded appearance on one side and the discoloration on the 
other side, along the straight edge of the specimen illustrated in Plate 
XXII, figure 12, suggest that this part of the plastron was severed from 
the rest of the turtle shell by burning and breaking. 
The separation of antlers into smaller pieces was facilitated by the 
application of fire, if we may judge by what appear to be burnt areas at 
the ends of many specimens. The scorched areas appear only on one side 
of the pieces. Their extent can be seen at each of the broken ends of the 
69E55-3 
