32 
the broken edges smoothed by scraping. Several pieces of antler, one of 
which is illustrated in Plate I, figure 18, and two others in Plate XXI, 
figures 8 and 11, bear longitudinal strise, which were evidently made by 
finely chipped scrapers, possibly some of those described on page 24. 
The thickness of the antler tines, seen in figures 8 and 12, seems to have 
been reduced by scraping, leaving a distinct shoulder around the circum- 
ference. The points were afterwards cut off and probably made into 
arrow points (See page 10). Three other specimens are similarly shoul- 
dered, the shoulder on all but one being just below where the point was 
cut off. 
RUBBING 
Many specimens show evidence of this process ( See Plate I, figures 
15, 16, 17, 18, and 20); Plate XIX, figures 2 to 4 and 6 to 9; Plate XX, 
figures 7 to 23; Plate XXI, figure 17; Plate XXII, figures 1 to 4, 7, and 13; 
and Plate XXIII, figures 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 to 18. Some of the whet- 
stones were probably used to rub artifacts into shape. 
DRILLING 
Most of the holes in the artifacts were drilled from one side. Holes 
of this kind are seen in the pottery fragments shown in Plate II, figure 9; 
in some specimens made of turtle shell, one of which is illustrated in 
Plate XXII, figure 12; in the potsherd disk seen in Plate XXIII, figure 3; 
and in most of the specimens made from the phalanges of the deer. One 
of the imperforate and three of the perforated phalanges, of which two 
are illustrated in Plate XXIII, figures 5 and 6, have the distal articular 
facet scorched, probably to make the perforating easier. 
The holes in one of the pebble pendants (Plate XXII, figure 6), 
in the stone gorget (Plate XXIII, figure 18), and in one of the fragments 
of pottery, were drilled from both sides. 
Judging from the number of fragments of pottery with drilled per- 
forations, broken pots were in many cases repaired by drilling holes near 
the broken edges and binding them together with thongs (See Plate II, 
figure 9). 1 In two instances, the holes were drilled through the node 
produced by a punched hole (See Plate IX, figure 7). 
The bowl cavity and the stem hole of the unfinished pipe, illustrated 
in Plate XXIII, figure 8, were possibly drilled with solid wooden drills, 
aided by sharp sand and water. The deep strise on the sides of both holes 
also suggest the use of chipped drill points. 
PERFORATING 
The holes through the ends of some of the cups made from deer 
phalanges appear to have been gouged out rather than drilled. 
PUNCHING 
Discussed on previous page. 
J At the Force farm site S. K. Ben ham , of Princeton, Ont., once found two perforated fragments of pottery lying 
with the broken edges together and with the impression of the binding thong still visible in the ground below. 
