40 
mixtilinear-triangular (Figure 3, b ) ; and two, one of which is illustrated in 
figure 15, have the tops slightly flattened (Figure 3, c). The top of the 
stem of the fragmentary pipe, seen in figure 11, was flat or perhaps slightly 
concave throughout its entire length (See Figure 3, d). The base was 
convex from side to side and apparently also from end to end. Most of 
the stems are wider than thick, and the edges of two specimens, one of 
which is seen in figure 11, extend beyond the sides of the bowl, as in most 
pipes of the monitor type. At least three stems present one other char- 
acteristic of this type, as described by McGuire, i.e ., “a pronounced ridge 
running the length of the centre of the stem.” 1 The stem, shown in figure 
14, may have been part of an animal effigy pipe {See under “Decorative 
Art”). The broken part of the bowl seen in figure 10 has been chipped to 
a more or less conical form to serve as a mouthpiece. The holes in most 
of the stems are round, but a few are oval. 
The pipes were light to dark grey, and light, dark, and reddish buff, in 
colour. 
The chief differences between most of the pipes at Uren and those 
from later Neutral sites in the same county and in Waterloo county, are 
that, with few exceptions, they all have more or less cylindrical simple 
bowls with very short stems, which are seldom round in cross-section and, 
on the whole, resemble closely the stems on monitor pipes. The bowls of 
pipes found at the later sites, on the other hand, are of several different 
types, being trumpet-shaped, vasiform, conical, and ovoid, with long and 
in some cases quite slender stems, almost invariably round in cross-section. 
Then, too, the pipes with very short stems, which are rarely found at these 
later sites, are usually so crude as to suggest that they were the work of 
children, or at least persons inexperienced in pipe-making. Thomas 2 seems 
to regard a monitor pipe with prow-like extensions of the stem in front of 
the bowl, as probably of Cherokee origin; it is found also in mounds. 
Short stems seem to be characteristic of Algonkian pipes. There are 
only two stems of broken earthenware pipes and one whole pipe in the 
Museum, which can be safely regarded as of Algonkian origin, judging 
from the character of the decoration and the site at which they were found. 
Only one of them, however, is at all conformable to the kind of pipe found 
at Uren, and then solely as regards the extreme shortness and the mixti- 
linear-triangular cross-section of the stem. 3 
In shortness and shapes in cross-section the stems of these pipes closely 
resemble those on some earthenware pipes found in shell-heaps in New 
York 4 and at sites in Pennsylvania. 5 
Earthenware pipes were less numerous at this site and other sites of 
the same culture, so far examined, than at later Neutral sites in the same 
county. This becomes apparent if we compare the number of pipes secured 
by intensive exploration at Uren, and the number found on the surface 
only of a much smaller Neutral site (No. 5, in Blenheim township 6 ). Twenty- 
five specimens (two of which are surface finds) were found at Uren, and 
iOp. cit.. p. 470. 
*Thomae, Cyrus: "The Cherokees in Pre-Columbian Times,” New York, 1890, p. 81. 
*From lot 4, con. VII, Blandford tp., Oxford co. Cat. No. VIII-F-8303. 
*Skinner, Alanson: “The Lenape Indians of Staten Island,” Anthropological Papers of the Am. Mus. of Nat. 
Hist., vol. Ill, p. 26; Plate IX, figs. 8 and 13 (New York, 1909). Also, by the same author: “The Pre-Iroquoian 
Algonkian Indians of Central and Western New York,” Indian Notes and Monographs, Mus. of the American Indian , 
Heye Foundation, vol. II, No. 1, p. 25 (New York, 1919). 
®Wren: op. cit., Plate 14, figs. 1, 2, and 4, and Plate 15, figs. 19, 23, and 26. 
®£ee the author’s “Archaeology of Blenheim Township,” op. cit. p. 64. 
