42 
MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS 
It is difficult to determine the exact uses of some other artifacts 
found at Uren. They are mostly crude and possibly makeshift tools. 
Three specimens are of the same type as the one illustrated in Plate 
XIX, figure 5. The slightly incurved edge of this specimen is moderately 
sharp, but the other is dull and rounded; it is about five-sixteenths inch 
thick at the widest end and about one-fourth inch at the other. A crude 
specimen has one edge deeply incurved and worn, and a fragmentary 
specimen probably had the same shape. Another specimen, about five- 
eighths inch thick, with both of the expanded ends missing, has a deep 
V-shaped groove on one side, close to, and nearly parallel with, the deeply 
incurved edge; there is a shallower groove on the other side. A fragment 
of a large specimen, with a hoe-like blade, has the sharp edge only slightly 
incurved. The general shape of these tools suggests several different 
uses. If it were not for the incurved edges, one might think they were 
plow-grinders for making the longitudinal cuts in bone, described on an 
earlier page. They may have been knives, although the edges are mostly 
dull. The polish or slight wear on the incurved edges suggests that they 
may have been used as scrapers by drawing them along draw-shave fashion, 
or they may have been whetstones or pottery markers. 
Similar specimens have been found at sites of the same culture nearby. 
There are three specimens from Malahide township, Elgin county, in the 
Museum 1 , and Boyle describes and illustrates one of these tools from 
Norfolk county' 2 . 
The fragmentary bone specimen, with the marrow hollow exposed 
on one side, illustrated in Plate XXI, figure 17, is made from the anterior 
part of the lower jaw of a deer. It may be in process of manufacture. 
There was found also a fragment of the middle part of a deer’s 
lower jaw, with the molar teeth either broken off or removed entirely, 
and one of the broken ends smoothed off. Both sides are slightly polished. 
Plate XXI, figure 2, illustrates the left radius of a fox or dog, with 
both joints removed. This specimen may be in process of manufacture 
or a completed artifact. Perhaps it was used as a handle, or else as a 
counter in a game. 
Two specimens, made from pieces of the thin plates of scapulse, appear 
to be fragments of larger implements. One is somewhat trapezoidal in 
shape, with one of the ends slightly rounded and the edges smoothed. 
The other is triangular, with the converging edges finely chipped to a sharp 
edge. Part of one edge, near the tip, has been rubbed. 
A few whole or nearly whole animal bones appear to have been used 
as smoothers or polishers. One of them is the jaw of a large fish, possibly 
a pike, with the front part polished. A humerus of a deer has part of the 
outer surface of the shaft polished, possibly from use in some smoothing 
operation. The shaft of the humerus of a wild turkey is similarly polished. 
A right radius of a deer with the distal extremity removed and the external 
surface more or less smoothed, probably had some special use; signs of 
wear on the edges of the broken end suggest that this end may have been 
used as a sort of flesher in tanning, the polish on the shaft resulting from 
iQat. Nos. VI1I-F-2I99, VIIW-4447, and VIII-F-4455, Nat. Mus, of Canada. 
J Ann. ArchtBological Rept. and Can. Inst. (Sese. 1891), Toronto, 1892, p. 39, fig. 48. 
