9 
It is interesting to compare this arrangement with that made in this 
paper from a study of adult characters. The species biforis Newm., separ- 
ated from all other larvae of the groups I and II, which have been studied, 
by the presence of only one ocellus, occupies also a distinctly isolated 
position in the genus Anoplodera, in the arrangement based on adult 
characters. The four species in group II form part of the adult genus 
Leptura. The species lineola Say, forming larval group III, is placed by 
the writers doubtfully in the genus Leptura . It is obviously aberrant among 
the North American species of that genus. The larval group IV, aspera 
Lee. and mutabilis Newm., again, are considered in this paper to be an 
isolated group in genus Anoplodera , exhibiting affinities with genera in the 
first part of the subfamily. The writers were at one time disposed to erect 
three new genera for biforis Newm., lineola Say, and aspera Lee. and 
mutabilis Newm.; but it was finally decided to leave them for the present 
under the genera already mentioned. The isolated nature of their positions 
is well indicated in the key. 
The larval group V, sphaericollis Say, represents the adult genus 
Pidonia. 
Larval group VI does not conform to any of the arrangements that 
have been made from characters of the adults. In this paper the species 
from bicolor Swed. to acuminata Oliv. are placed in the genus Strangalina; 
velulinus Oliv., in the genus Typocerus ; exigua Newm., in the genus Gram- 
moptera; americana Hald., in the genus Charasalia ; emarginata Fab., in the 
genus Leptura; and the remainder of the group in the genus Anoplodera. 
Larval group VI can, of course, be subdivided by definite larval characters; 
the question is, as to which characters should be recognized as being of 
primary importance. It must be recognized, also, that this interpretation 
of the larval affinities is based upon the study of a limited number of 
species. 
It is perhaps hardly to be expected that the grouping made from the 
larval characters will, in all cases, conform to that made from adult char- 
acters. It appears reasonable to suppose that the similar habitat of the 
larvae, mostly wood borers, may have checked a tendency toward diver- 
gence in characters that may have found freer expression in the adults; 
and, on the other hand, that the similar habitat may have resulted in con- 
vergence through the reduction of larval characters or the evolution of 
similar characters in groups at one time definitely separated. When 
larvae of most of the species in the Lepturini have been studied, it may be 
possible to arrange larval group VI and their allies more in conformity 
with the grouping of the adults. 
It appears evident from this comparison of larval and adult characters 
that a study of the larvae will prove very helpful, if not indispensable, in 
determining the actual relationships of the groups. 
DISCUSSION OF GENOTYPES 
Acmaeops Leconte 
1850. Leconte, Jour. Acad. Phila., vol. 1 (2), p. 321; Several species 
named, including Leptura proteus Kby. 
1913. Casey, Mem. Coleop., p. 219; L. proteus Kby. designated type. 
Genotype, (Leptura) proteus Kby. 
