From 3 to 4,000 feet the undergrowth consists mostly of the “ Bertam” Palm, t; Penang 
Lawyer !? and other Palms and the soil lias more vegetable mould in it with a looser subsoil. 
This altitude would include the tops of the majority of the hills, and embrace a good deal 
of gently undulating land along the ridges. 
Above 4,000 feet there is but little soil, being almost bare granite where the vegetation 
lias been cut away, and moreover the only hill above 4,000 feet viz., Gfunoug Bubo, is too 
steep for purposes of cultivation. 
The Grutta men informed me that nearly all the trees of Grutta taban and Grutta putih 
below 3,500 have been cut down, but there are still a good number of plants of Grutta Sing- 
garip remaining, as it is not absolutely necessary to cut down this sort in order to procure 
the gutta. 
A. Durio which differs from the common Durian in bearing the fruit on the trunk, 
instead of the branches is abundant, as also are the various Dipteijo carpi yielding Dammar 
batu Dammar inata kuchiug and Dammar putih, Sc c. 
The charcoal-burners have not, so far as [ saw, ascended beyond 2,500 feet, but even 
below this there are still some very large trees although they are few when compared with 
the number of small ones. 
Numerous streams have their rise in this range, which are utilized below for the paddy- 
fields. I noticed the paddy about here was ripening a heavy crop at the time of my visit 
November 13th Packing the plants from Bubo, and the 14th and 15th suffering from the 
effects of wearing and sleeping in wet clothes. 
November LGth left Qualla Kangsa at 0. a.u., with L0 men and proceeded down the 
Perak river to Blanja, where we arrived at 3 r.at. On our arrival b sent a letter to Mr. Bruce 
asking for two Elephants to take me and my baggage on to Kinta, as I found that the 
surrounding country was submerged, and the road for the greater part of the distance under 
water. 
The Elephants dicl not arrive till the 18th, and 1 spent the intervening time in searching 
the jungle about Blanja, but 1 found nothing worthy of special mention here. 
The bank by the river was very pretty with Aselepias eurassavica, with its bright scarlet 
and orange flowers, and some patches of a pink variety of Sesamum were very ornamental. 
Since Blanja has been evacuated by the troops the houses have been left to fall down 
and the gardens to run wild and a rain-proof house is almost a desideratum just now. 
The soil about Blanja grows capital sugar-cane and could doubtless be utilized for other 
surface rooting crops. 
November 19th left Blanja at (>.30 a.m., for Kinta which place we reached at 5 p.m . 
where I was very kindly received by All*. Bruce. In the jungle between the two places 
noticed Ixora Gfriffithii blooming profusely, the Saang palm, several sterculias in fruit 
Zingiberads and Melastomads in great variety. 
Just before reaching Kinta 1 met with a new species of Dammara. previously met with 
by Mr. I jOW, which 1 may saiyly say is the largest foliaged conifer known, but as I could 
get no cones I. am unable to give a botanical diagnosis of the species. In a swamp close 
by Vanda Hookerii was blooming profusely, a plant hitherto supposed to be confined to 
Borneo and Labuan. 
The plants of the Saang palm between Blan ja and Kinta will not hear comparison with 
those on the Bubo range, where they are truly magnificent, some specimens that I saw on 
the latter range had over 100 fully developed leaves, the rhomboldal blades of which were 
over 15 feet long and 4 feet broad mounted on petioles 12 feet in length. The most 
minute search failed to reveal any young plants and some seeds 1 brought to Singapore 
proved on examination to be non-fertilized as no embryo could he found in them. On 
the Bubo range its limits seem to be between 3,000 feet and 3,900 feet elevation. 
Between Blanja and Kinta, however, it grows at only 200 feet and 
it grows from the foot of the lulls up to 2,400 feet, and on the Say< 
li is invaluable to the Gutta men as two or three leaves are suffiei 
large enough for five or six men. 
Owing to the recent heavy rains, and consequent rising of the Kinta river, 1 found 
the count n flooded for some distance around, about 2 feet of water covering Mr. Bruce’s 
garden where only a week or so before Onions, Lettuces and Tomatoes, &t\, gave promise 
of a plentiful crop of salads, &c. 
November 20th. — 111 from the effect of a slight sunstroke which attacked me the day 
previous at Ayer-puteh. 
November 2 1st. — Still ill, but as the time allotted for my stay in Perak was drawing to an 
end I thought j had better start for the Hamper district, which the Resident had desired 
me to visit, and at 7.30 A.xr. accompanied by Air. Bruce, 5 sepoys, 14 coolies, and with 5 
Elephants we left Kinta, and at 11 a-.ai., reached Paukalan Bahru, a little village on the 
bank of the Simglde Raya composed of about a score of houses inhabited by Chinese and 
Malays. 
This is the entrepot for all the tin from Doping and other places E. of Kinta. At 3 r.vi. 
we arrived at a large clearing planted with plantains and finding a fair-sized hut here, we 
put up for the night. 
Bet ween Kinta and this place some attempts at cultivation have been made, and some 
extensive tracts cleared, i. e. trees are cut down at 10 or 12 feet from the ground and left 
to lie, the jungle burned, which chars the timber and renders it useless, and then paddy is 
on the Meeru range 
•ong up to 2,500 feet . 
sufficient to cover a house 
