608 
clvii. gramineje (Stapf). [Echinochloa. 
forming dense simple moderately stout (rarely over 2 lin. wide) 
subsecund sessile false spikes ; rhachis usually slightly wavy, 
triquetrous, lin. wide, scaberulous or scabrid along the angles, 
with (particularly at the base) or without some long fine stiff hairs ; 
pedicels 2-nate or fascicled lower down, very short, up to lin. long, 
scaberulous, tips subdiscoid. Spikelets crowded, usually approxi- 
mately 4-ranked, ovate to ovate-elliptic in outline, acute or cuspidate, 
1J-1J lin. long, greenish or tinged with purple. Lower glume 
membranous, very broadly ovate and clasping at the base, acute to 
cuspidulate, § lin. long, scaberulous ; upper glume subherbaceous- 
membranous, elliptic-ovate in outline, very concave, acute or 
cuspidate, as long as the spikelet, 5-7-nerved, rigidly and minutely 
pubescent between the almost smooth or scaberulous or subspinulose 
nerves. Lower floret (always ?) : valve similar to the upper 
glume, but flat or depressed on the back ; valvule oblong, acute, 
almost as long as the valve or shorter, keels fine, scaberulous upwards ; 
anthers § lin. long. Upper floret elliptic-ovate or subobovate 
in outline, cuspidulate, from less than 1 to over 1 lin. long, yellowish 
or whitish, polished ; valve and valvule subcoriaceous. Grain 
broad elliptic in outline, planoconvex, f lin. long. Embryo two- 
thirds the length of the grain. — Pari. PI. Nov. 40 ; Nash in Britton, 
Man. Bot. 78 ; Hitchcock in Gray, Man. Bot. ed: vii. 118, and in 
Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xii. 213, xvii. 256, xviii. 345. E. zonalis , 
Pari. FI. Panorm. i. 119. Panicum colonum, Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. x. 
870, and Sp. PL ed. ii. 84 ; Jacq. Eclog. Gram. t. 32 ; Roxb. FI. 
Ind. ed. Carey, 299 ; Trin. Gram. Icon, et Descr. t. 180, Pan. Gen. 
125, and in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 6 me ser. iii. 213 ; Nees, Agrost. 
Brasil. 119 ; Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. Canar. iii. iii. 383 ; 
Schweinf. Beitr. FI. Aethiop. 300 ; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 48 ; 
Fig. & De Not. in Mem. Acad. Torin. 1854, 338, ic. xii. ; Benth. FI. 
Hongk. 411, and FI. Austral, vii. 478 ; Griseb. FI. Brit. West Ind. 
545 ; Franch. & Savat. FI. Jap. ii. 160 ; Baker, FI. Maurit. 438 : 
Duthie, List Grass. N.-W. India, 3, Indig. Fodd. Grass, t. 4, and 
Fodd. Grass. N. Ind. 4 ; Boiss. FI. Or. v. 435 ; Aschers. & Schweinf. 
Ill, FI. ^gypte, 159 ; Balf. f. Bot. Socotra, 310 ; Franch. in Journ. de 
Bot. i. 136, and Contr. FL Congo Frang. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. 
Autun, viii. 347 (reprint 39) ; Martelli in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. xx. 
368 ; Hack, in Bolet. Soc. Brot. vi. 140 ; Penzig in Atti Bot. Congr. 
Genoa, 1893, 386 ; Schweinf. Plant. Util. Eritrea, 53, and in Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. ii. App. ii. 20, 95 ; Batt. & Trab. FI. de l’Alg. (Monoc.) 
132 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 78 ; C. 102 ; Hook. f. Fl. 
Brit. Ind. vii. 32 ; Henriq. in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xiii. 133 ; Chiov. in 
Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 165, and viii. 31, 299 ; Rendle in Cat. 
Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 173 ; De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. FL Congo, fasc. 
ii. 72 ; Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. v. 299 ; Pobeguin, Ess. FL 
Guin. Frang. 214 ; Th. & Hel. Durand, Syll. FL Congol. 630 ; A. 
Cheval. Sudania, 32, 160. P. arabicum, Nees ex Steud. Nomencl. 
