Echinochloa.] clvii. gramine^i (Stapf). 611 
Germ. i. t. 29, fig. 1411, 1412 ; Nash in Britton, Man. N. Amer. FI. 
78 ; Hitchc. in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xii. 213. E. commutata, 
Schult. Mant. ii. 267. E. Mspidula, Nees in Boyle, 111. Bot. Himal. 
416 ; Dalz. & Gibs. FI. Bombay, Suppl. 98. Panicum Crus-Galli , 
Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. 56 ; FI. Dan. t. 1564 ; Host, Gram. Anstr. ii. 
15, 1. 19 ; Engl. Bot. t. 876 ; Knapp, Gram. Brit. xi. ; Trim Sp. Gram. 
Ic. t. 161, 162 ; Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 58 ; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 
i. 47 ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 479 (partly) ; Franch. & Savat. FI. Jap. 
ii. 160 ; Duthie, List Grass. N.-W. India, 3 (partly), t. A, fig. 1 ; 
Boiss. FI. Or. v. 435 ; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 30 (partly) ; Durand 
& Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 744 (excl. var.) ; Stapf in Dyer, FI. Cap. 
vii. 397. P. Jiispidum, Forst. Prodr. 7 ; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 257. 
P. hispidulum , Betz. Obs. v. 18 ; Lam. 111. i. 171 ; Boxb. FI. Ind. 
ed. Carey, i. 306 ; Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 57 ; Boyle, l.c. 420 ; Steud. 
Syn. PI. Glum. i. 47 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 750. P. 
oryzinum, Gmel. Syst. i. 157 ; A. Braun, Del. Sem. Hort. Carlsruhe 
(1846). P. stagninum , Host, Gram. Austr. iii. t. 51 ; not of Betz. 
P. Hostii, Marsch. Bieberst. FI. Tauro-Cauc. iii. 57. P. limosum , 
Presl ex Nees, Agrost. Bras. 257. Milium Crus-Galli, Moench, 
Method. 202. Oplismenus Crus-Galli, Dumort. Agrost. Belg. 138 ; 
Kunth, Bev. Gram. i. 44, and Enum. i. 143 (excl. syn. P. zonale ). 
0. limosus, Presl, Bel. Haenk. i. 321 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 144. 
Orthopogon Crus-Galli, Spreng. Syst. i. 307. 0. Retzii, Spreng. 
1. c. 
Upper Guinea. Cape Verd Islands: San Jago ; Os Organos, in cultivated 
ground, Lowe ! 
Nile Land. Abyssinia : Tigre ; without precise locality, Schimper, 1549 ! 
Gondar, Rocher d'Hericourt ! 
Very common through the greater part of India and Malaya and as a weed 
throughout the warm temperate countries of the northern hemisphere, rather 
rare in the tropics of Africa and the New World and south of the tropic of 
Capricorn. The Cape Verd specimen quoted represents the awned form 
( Panicum Crus-Galli, var. longisetum, Doell, FI. Bad. i. 232 ; Aschers. & Graebn. 
Syn. Mitteleurop. FI. ii. 69 : Echinochloa Crus-Galli, var. aristata, Reichenb. 
Ic. FI. Germ. i. t. xxix. fig. 1412). Of the synonyms quoted above Panicum 
hispidum, hispidulum, oryzinum, Hostii and limosum and their cosynonyms 
under Echinochloa, Oplismenus, P. stagninum. Host (not of R,etz.) and Orthopogon 
Retzii represent exclusively this awned form, which in Eastern Asia seems to be 
predominant. 
There are numerous references to Panicum Crus-Galli growing in tropical 
Africa, but so far as I have been able to check them they cover, with very few 
exceptions, other species and are quoted accordingly under these species. I 
add here a list of those specimens which I have not seen but which are enumerated 
in the literature cited as Panicum Crus-Galli. There is very little doubt that 
they belong to one or the other species here segregated from E. Crus-Galli. 
Zanzibar and Quilimane, Stuhlmann (Klatt in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wise. 
Anstalt. ix. (1891) 120). 
Bangala, Hens C. 394 ; Bas Congo, Demeuse , Laurent, 9, 107. Sicia, Dupuis 
(Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, 321, 322). 
Boma and Bingila, Dupuis (Durand & De Wild. Mat. FI. Congo, 90). 
