Echinochloa.] 
clvii. graminetE (Stapf). 
619 
Bras, (nor Koen. ?). P. Burgu, A. Cheval. in Compt.-Rend. Assoc. 
Erang. Avanc. Science, 1900, 642-650, t. v., and in Rev, Cult. Colon, 
vii. 513-520, and in Act. Congr. Internat. Paris, 1900, 255, t. x. 
P. Lelievrei, A. Cheval. in Rev. Cult. Colon, vii. 516. P. oryzetorum, 
A. Cheval. l.c. Orthojpogon stagninus , Spreng. Syst. i. 307. O'plis- 
menus stagninus , Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. 44, and Enum. i. 144 (partly). 
O. scaber, Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. 44, and Enum. i. 145. 
Upper Guinea. Senegambia : Galam, near Bakel (?) in rice fields, Heudelot, 
300 ! Kaedi, Chevalier, 2168 ; and without precise locality, Roger, xxviii ! 
xxiii ! Richard ! Dupuis ! Perrottet, 981 ! Lelievre ! abundant throughout 
the inundation belt of the Niger from Segu to beyond Timbuktu, Chevalier ; 
Segu, L'ccard, 164 ! 244 ! between Sebi and Debo, Chevalier, 2170 ! Sompi, 
Chevalier, 2172 ! Northern Nigeria : Nupe ; in swamps and lakes, Barter, 843 ! 
Sokoto and westwards to the Niger, blocking streams and waterways, Dalziel, 
479! Katagum Distr., Dalziel, 250! Lake Chad; between Madou and 
Berirem, Chevalier, 10101 bis ! 
North Central. South Bagirmi : between Bahr Erguig and Nigui, Chevalier, 
9455 ! 
Nile Land. Jur : Ghattas Great Seriba, Schweinfurth, 1362 ! 2291 ! 2298 ! 
Bahr-el-Ghazal : Mesheza, Schweinfurth, 1252 ! Bahr-el-Gebel : Shambe, Broun, 
989 ! White Nile, 8° 30' N. Lat., Petherick ! mouth of Sobat river, Schweinfurth, 
1118 ! Blue Nile : near Sherif, Broun, 39 ! Eritrea : Shimezana, Guna Guna, 
7200 ft., Pappi, 631 ! Maragus; Adi Mabit, Pappi, 946 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; 
by and in streams near Amogai, Schimper, 1097 ! Begemeder ; in swamps near 
Ifak, 5800 ft., Schimper, 1553 ! in dried up swamps by the bridge over the Reb 
river between Ifak and Amora Gettel, 5800 ft., Schimper, 1562 ! in swamps by 
Lake Tsana, 5700 ft., Schimper, 1402 ! British East Africa : Nairobi, Linton, 
148 ! 
Lower Guinea. French Congo : between Makemo and Mongo, Brazza, 222 ! 
Brazzaville, Tliollon, 388 ! Upper Oubangui, Viancin ! Belgian Congo : 
Lower Congo, Smith ! Stanley Pool Distr. ; Kwamouth, Hens, C. 176 ! between 
Leopoldville and Mombaxi, Gillet, 2611 ! Angola : Benguella ; Cunene marshes, 
Pearson, 2035 ! 2037 ! 
Mozambique Distr. Usambara : Muschena, in water, Holst, 3519 ! Rhodesia : 
Bulawayo and Matoppo Hills, Appleton, 11 ! Victoria Falls, Rogers, 13136 ! 
Portuguese East Africa : floating in the Kongowe Canal in the Zambesi Delta, 
Kirk ! 
This grass deserves every attention on account of its locally abundant supply 
and high sugar-content. Chevalier in his articles (see above) on “ Burgu” the 
name by which it is known on the middle Niger, states that it is the most useful 
of all the plants growing in a wild state in the neighbourhood of Timbuctu. 
Every part of it is utilised. It yields excellent fodder, material for thatching 
and caulking, is burned to produce a salt used in the manufacture of soap 
and indigo, the grains are eaten like those of E. pyramidalis and Digitaria Iburu, 
and the canes are gathered for extracting sugar or preparing vinaigre or a bever- 
age resembling cider. Sir John Kirk also describes it as one of the richest of 
fodder grasses. Although typically a perennial with long rhizomes creeping 
in the mud of swamps, lakes and rivers, it seems on temporarily flooded land 
to flower frequently the first year and then to behave as an annual. Such 
specimens ( Lecard , 164, 244, 253 ; Chevalier, 9455 ; Schweinfurth, 2291, 2295) 
are mostly very meagre and slender, but the structure and appearance of the 
spikelets are the same as in typical stagnina. 
9. E. jubata, Staff. Base unknown. Culms somewhat stout, 
terete, glabrous and smooth. Leaf-sheaths terete, striate, smooth 
and glabrous, longer than the internodes ; ligules represented by a 
transverse fringe of fine hairs with a more or less discoloured finely 
