640 
CLVII. GRAMINE^ (Stapi). 
[. Panicum . 
d (y Spikelets acuminate or distinctly acute or 
apiculate, usually not plump (turgid in 
§ Dura?). 
Spikelets much gaping early and perma- 
nently, 1-2 (rarely under 1) lin. long ; 
glumes and lower valve more or less 
acuminate and often mucronulate or 
mucronate, finely keeled upwards 
with frequently slightly recurved tips, 
rather dry, pale or tinged with purple 
or quite purple ; lower glume £ the 
length of the upper glume, this like 
the lower valve 5-9 -nerved, false fruit 
white or yellowish or bluish white, 
rarely honey- coloured ; perennial or 
annual V. Hiantes. 
V 
Spikelets not conspicuously and perma- 
nently gaping or only when mature; 
upper glume and lower valve with 
straight or slightly incurved tips. 
Spikelets mostly very loosely scattered on 
long pedicels or, if paired, on long 
fi ne branchlets, subulate -acuminate 
/ to acute, 1-3 (mostly over IJ) lin. 
long, pale green, frequently tinged 
witli purple ; lower glume \ to # the 
length of the spikelet ; upper glume 
like the lower valve 7-11- (rarely 5-) 
nerved ; false fruits at length 
brownish to almost black 
Spikelets more approximate on shorter 
pedicels, subobtuse, subacute or 
apiculate, rarely shortly subulate- 
acuminate ; pedicels (particularly 
the lateral) from less than 1 to 2 lin. 
long ; false fruits whitish or 
yellowish. 
Lower glume as long as or almost as 
long as the upper, 7-9 -nerved ; 
suffrutescent with downwards 
woody culms and hard pungent 
leaf-blades, the latter often much 
reduced 
VI. Miliace^e. 
p. b'vvb 
VII. Dure. 
Lower glume very small to up to J the 
length of the spikelet, few- or 
imperfectly nerved. 
Erect or procumbent caespitose 
perennials usually with long 
more or less wiry stolons or 
runners, barren shoots often 
distichously leafy ; leaf -blades 
firm to hard, often convolute to 
subulate or aciculiform ; spike- 
lets pale . . . . . . VIII. Repentes. 
Erect perennials without long sto- 
lons (short stolons in 68, P. color- 
atura) or runners, or annuals ; 
leaf-blades flat, usually long to 
