Panicum .] 
CLVII. GRAMINEJE (Stapf). 
709 
glabrous or hairy, particularly on the upper surface downwards, 
margins cartilaginous, smooth or appressedly spinulose and sparingly 
tubercled near the base, very closely and finely nerved, midrib and 
primary nerves very slender if at all differentiated. Panicle usually 
contracted, erect and stiff, rarely slightly nodding, 3-8 in. long, 
glabrous, divided to the third or (downward) fourth degree ; main axis 
and all divisions glaucous, increasingly filiform, angular and upwards 
scaberulous or scabrid, often somewhat wavy ; primary branches 
usually erect, solitary or approximate in pairs or threes, the low T er 
mostly remote and 2-6 in. long, sparingly divided, the penultimate 
divisions forming loose or contracted 6-2-spiculate racemes ; pedicels 
with subcupular tips, the lateral about 1 J lin. long. Spikelets ovate- 
oblong, acute to subacuminate, 1-lf lin. long, glabrous, pale. 
Glumes very unequal ; lower subhyaline, whitish, very broad, 
clasping, rounded or shortly acute, midnerve very slender, percurrent, 
side-nerves 1-4 on each side, very short and fine ; upper thin, 
membranous except at the firmer tip, broadly rounded on the back, 
corresponding in shape and size to the spikelet, 9-7-nerved, nerves 
prominent upwards. Lower floret : valve very like the upper 
glume but less acute or acuminate, 9-nerved ; valvule subequal, 
oblong, obtuse to acute ; anthers up to almost 1 lin. long. Upper 
floret fcj$, elliptic-oblong, subacute, 1 lin. long, white, smooth and 
glossy : valve and valvule coriaceous-crustaceous, faintly 7-nerved* 
Grain white, f lin. long. — Forsk. FI. iEgypt.-Arab. xix ; Desf. FI. 
Atl. i. 60 ; Cav. Ic. et Descr. ii. 6, t. 110 ; Sibth. & Smith, FI. Grsec. 
i. t. 61 ; Trin. Pan. Gen. 182, and in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6me ser. 
iii. 270 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 103 ; Cosson & Durieu, Expl. Scient. 
Alger, ii. 31 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. 412, and FI. Austral, vii. 484 ; Ball, 
Spied. Marocc. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., xvi. 709 ; F. von MuelL 
Select. Extratrop. PL ed. iv..223 ; Duthie, List Grass. N.-W. Ind. 6, 
and Fodd. Grass. N. Ind. 11 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 
760 ; Franch. Contr. FI. Congo Frang. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. 
Autun. viii. 345 (37 of reprint) ; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 49 ; Lamson- 
Scribner, Amer. Grass. 70; Maiden, Man. Grass. N.S.W. 44; Bendlein 
Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 181, and in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., xxxvi. 332 ; 
Stapf in Dyer, FI. Cap. vii. 409 ; Merrill in Philipp. Journ. Sci. i. 
Suppl. 359 ; Hitchcock & Chase in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. xv. 85 ; 
Cheval. Sudania, 33 ; Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. v. 300 ; Backer 
in Teysmannia, xxviii. 273, t. 38; Muschler, Man. FI. Egypt, i. 57. 
P. notatum, Retz. Obs. Bot. iv. 18. P. ischcemoides, Retz. l.c. 17 ; 
Nees in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 175 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. iii* 
450. P. arenarium, Brot. FI. Lusit. i. 82 ; Trin. Pan. Gen. 181, and 
in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6me ser. iii. 269 ; Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 37 ; 
Steud. Syn. PL Glum. i. 73. P. leiogonum, Delile, FI. Aegypt. 111. 51 ; 
Poir. Encycl. Suppl. iv. 284 ; Kunth, l.c. 104 ; Steud. l.c. 79 ; 
Barbey, Herbor. Levant, t. 8, fig. 4 ; Aschers. & Schweinf. Illustr. 
FI. Egypte, 160 ; Durand & Schinz, l.c. 752. P. convolutum> P. 
