710 
CL VII. GBAMINEiE (Stapf). 
[. Panicum . 
Beauv. ex Spreng. Syst. i. 319 ; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 173 ; Presl, Rel. 
Haenk. i. 304 ; Kunth, l.c. i. 130 ; Steud. l.c. 73 ; Miq. l.c. iii. 450. 
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Mungem, 50 ft., Thomas, 7258 ! Sherbro ; 
in the streets of Bonthe, Dalziel, 941 ! French Sudan : Niger Bend ; Faguibine, 
Chevalier, 2248 ! Middle Niger ; Goundam, Chevalier, 2247 ! Southern 
Nigeria : Lagos, Millen, 80 ! by water, Dawodu, 215 ! Northern Nigeria : 
Nupe, in wet places, Barter, 1355 ! Cameroons : in sandy flats near the beach, 
Batanga, Bates, 335 ! 
Nile Land. Sudan : Hillet en Nuer on the Bahr el Gebel, Broun, 1100 ! 
Uganda : Entebbe, by the lake, 4000 ft., Dummer, 3068 ! Mibanye, edge of lake, 
3780 ft., Dummer, 1407 ! 
Lower Guinea. French Congo : Alima River, Thollon, 955 ! Belgian Congo : 
Stanley Pool Div. ; Kwamouth, Vanderyst, 3724 ! Mpie, Vanderyst, 3804 ! 
Angola : Huilla ; on river banks near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 2674 ! 
Mozambique Distr. Rhodesia : Victoria Falls, Rogers, 5009 ; 13138 ! 
Widely distributed on the tropical and subtropical coasts of both hemispheres 
and in India and Africa, also in and along rivers ; probably originally a native of 
the Old World. 
Considered a very good fodder and also useful as a sandbinder. 
64. P. pinifolium, Chiov. Result. Scient. Miss. Stefanini-Paoli , i. 
Coll. Bot. 184. Perennial, csespitose, quite glabrous ; rhizome short, 
emitting numerous long fibrilliform roots and tufts of erect shoots 
and creeping or ascending stolons ; shoots and stolons branching 
when reaching the surface, forming dense intricate tufts from 2-4 in. 
high, or some of them much stouter, elongated (to over 2 ft.), pros- 
trate and shortly branched ; underground parts covered with 
persistent sheaths, erect overground branches fascicled, slender, 
many-noded, closely sheathed. Leaf-sheaths terete, smooth, firm, 
slightly striate, of the underground parts or prostrate branches up 
to H in. long and the lowest bladeless, of the short erect branches 
under 5 lin. long ; ligule reduced to a fringe of minute stiff hairs ; 
blades firm, linear-lanceolate to sublinear, tapering almost from the 
base, those of the long shoots up to 2 in. by 2 lin. (when flattened out), 
of the short shoots from less than \ to over 1 in. long, tightly involute, 
needle-shaped, rigid, spreading, crowded, all rather blunt, finely- 
nerved. Panicles scarcely exserted from the uppermost leaves, up to 
almost \ in. long, divided to the second or at the base the third degree, 
all the divisions finely filiform, rigid, glabrous, smooth ; primary 
branches 4-5, solitary, up to 3J lin. long, forming simple or the lowest 
downwards compound 6-2-spiculate contracted racemes ; pedicels 
slightly thickened upwards, very short to 1 lin. long. Spikelets 
ovoid, subturgid, subacute, almost 1 lin. long. Glumes membranous, 
broad-ovate ; lower shortly acute, half the length, of the lower floret 
or almost so, carinate towards the tip, side-nerves short, 1-2 on each 
side ; upper obliquely elliptic in profile, obscurely and obtusely 
acuminate, 5-nerved. Lower floret $ : valve very similar and 
equal to the upper glume ; valvule slightly shorter, broad-elliptic- 
oblong. Upper floret Q elliptic in outline, subobtuse, f lin. long, 
