746 
clvii. GBAMiNEiE (Stapf). \Cyrtococcum . 
papery to subcrustaceous with firm very narrowly involute margins, 
obsoletely 5-nerved ; valvule subequal to the valve, with a narrow 
convex back, of the same substance as the valve, with fine keels and 
thin flaps. Lodicules 2, minute, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles 
distinct ; stigmas sublaterally exserted high up. Grain unknown. — 
Perennial with weak culms rising from a decumbent or creeping and 
rooting base. Blades flat, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or almost 
linear ; ligules membranous, short. Spikelets on long to very long 
and capillary or short pedicels and accordingly widely scattered or 
approximate. 
Species 6 or 7, mostly confined to the Malayan region. 
1. G. setigerum^ Stapf. Perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Culms genicu- 
latelv ascending or with a prostrate base, rooting from the nodes, 
more or less branched, with the branches erect, terete, smooth and 
glabrous, the erect culms or portions of culms 7-8-noded, internodes 
mostly shorter than the sheaths or at any rate not long-exserted. 
Leaf-sheaths tight, but the lower soon slipping off the culms and 
inrolled, subherbaceous, shortly and often scantily pubescent at the 
nodes, ciliate along the outer margin, often bearded at the mouth, 
otherwise glabrous and smooth, striate ; ligules membranous, 
rounded, 1 lin. long ; blades linear-lanceolate to sublinear from a more 
or less narrowed base, tapering to a very fine point, 3-5 in. by 
4-5 lin., flat, thin, soft, dark green, long and finely fimbriate- ciliate 
at the base, otherwise finely and appressedly hairy or glabrescent, 
slightly rough on the face and along the margins, midrib very 
slender, whitish and slightly prominent below, primary lateral nerves 
about 3 on each side, very fine. Panicles terminal on the culms and 
their branches, enclosed with their base in the uppermost sheath, 
obovate to broad-oblong in outline and very loose and open or more or 
less contracted, 4-9 in. long, divided up to the third, rarely the fourth 
degree ; primary axis slender, like all its divisions terete, loosely 
beset with long and short silky hairs and very minutely scaberulous 
except downwards where it is smooth, internodes unequal from over 
1 in. to a few lines ; primary branches solitary or paired or in scanty 
false whorls, remotely divided from 4-1 -J in. from the base, finely 
filiform or like its divisions capillary and flexuous, the latter up to 
over 14 in. long, bearing 3-2 distant or only .l spikelet, rarely again 
divided ; pedicels short (if axes of the third or fourth order) to long or 
very long (over 1 in.). Spikelets broadly and obliquely obovate to 
semi-obovate in outline, laterally much compressed, up to 1 lin. long, 
dark olive-brown, very loosely scattered. Glumes very unequal, 
thinly membranous ; lower lanceolate-acute in profile, broad-ovate 
if flattened out, one half to two-thirds the length of the lower floret 
to which it is tightly appressed, obscurely scaberulous and sparingly 
and minutely hairy, 3- to sub-5-nerved ; upper obliquely oblong with 
a curved back, subacute, almost as long as the spikelet, ciliolate and 
