IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL. 
Vol. VIII. No. 87. 
74 [March, 1902.] 
to be included in this third sub-division should be clearly stated in the schedule. In the 
case of the more virulently poisonous of such preparations, the same precautions as defined 
in Section 17 of the Act of 1868, as to a register of sales, etc., might also be prescribed ; 
but otherwise, there should be no restrictions or monopoly in the sale of poisonous substances 
used in agricultural or horticultural operations. lie, therefore, proposed to attend the 
meeting of the Poisons Committee, and give evidence on the lines he had explained to the 
Council. 
The lion. Cecil Parker presented a report from Professor McFadyean, stating that 
during the four weeks ending January 25, there had been 67 outbreaks of anthrax, with 100 
animals attacked. This was a rather serious increase as compared with the same period of 
last year, when the outbreaks were 44 and the animals attacked 64. During the same period 
there had been 229 cases of glanders, as against 209 in the corresponding four weeks of 1901. 
Swine fever continued to spread, the outbreaks for the last four weeks having been 152, an 
increase of 20 as compared with the corresponding period of last year. The country 
continued to be free from foot-and-mouth disease. The miscellaneous researches at the 
Royal Veterinary College included several cases of poisoning of cattle with yew leaves, the 
dangerous properties of which still appeared to be unknown to many farmers. A letter had 
been received from the Devon County Council, forwarding the following resolution and 
inviting the co-operation of the Society in bringing the subject to the notice of the 
Government : — “ That, in view of the national importance of an adequate supply of sound 
horses, this Council is of opinion that legislation should be introduced empowering county 
councils to prohibit the use for hire within their districts of stallions suffering from hereditary 
disease.” 
The chairman observed that the question was one of considerable importance. He 
thought it would be sufficient on the present occasion if a reply were sent to the Devon 
County Council stating that the Council of the Society were fully conscious of the national 
importance of an adequate supply of sound horses, and that by their rules, under which 
breeding animals in the classes for horses at the Society’s shows were required to be certified 
as free from hereditary disease before receiving prizes, they were doing all they could to 
encourage the breeding of sound horses. A reply in this sense was agreed to, and the 
report of the Veterinary Committee was adopted. 
Lord Moreton, from the Education Committee, reported that the examination for the 
national diploma in agriculture for the year 1902, would be held at the Yorkshire College, 
Leeds, on May 5 and the following days, and that the regulations for the examination for 
the national diploma in dairying next September included a revised syllabus for chemistry and 
bacteriology. 
The Council adjourned until Wednesday, the 5th inst. 
THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY. 
At a meeting of the Society, held on the 18th ult., Dr. Ginsburg read a paper by 
Mr. F. J. Atkinson, giving “A statistical review of the income and wealth of British 
India.” After referring to a remark made by Lord Curzon in a speech on the Indian 
Budget for 1901-02 to the effect that there had been an increase in the mean income 
of the inhabitants of India between 1880 and 18980! no less than 11 per cent,, and to a 
statement made by Mr. W. Digby, who criticized Lord Curzon’s figures and argued that 
there had been a diminution of average income of no less than 30 per cent, between the 
years 1890 and 1900, Mr. Atkins, on discussed the question with the view of finding out the 
true facts. He said that this could not be done with any great exactitude, because there were 
no statistics of cultivation in some parts of India before 1892-93 and there were difficulties 
in regard to the estimated yields. He divided the population, for the purposes of his survey, 
into three classes — agricultural, non-agricultural, and those of sufficient or ample means. 
Having examined the position of the various sections included in the first class, Mr. Atkinson 
came to the conclusion that the agricultural income of British India increased from Rs.26'4 
per head in 1875 to Rs.35‘9 per head in 1893, this being an increase of 39 '8 per cent. 
A similar enquiry, the results of which were set forth in great detail, convinced him that 
the non-agricultural income went up from Rs.28'S per head in 1875 to Rs.34 - i in 1895, or 
an increase of lS’4 per cent. As these two classes of persons comprised 97 ’6 per cent, of the 
entire population, it might be taken that the average annual income of this great mass of 
people rose from Rs.27'3 in 1S75 to Rs.35'2 in 1895, an increase of 2S - 9 per cent. 
In examining the incomes of the third section, Mr. Atkinson gave reasons for doubting 
the trustworthiness of the income-tax returns, which he was unable to accept as a full 
disclosure of the position of the people, and he made his calculations on a more extended 
basis. In the result he put the income of this class as a whole at 74 crores of rupees in 1875 
and at 1135 crores in 1895. Summarizing the three sections, he arrived at a conclusion that 
during the 20 years under review the average income rose 29*5 per cent. — that is to say, from 
Rs, 30 - 5 per head to Rs. 39’5 per head. Alluding to the wealth of British India, he discussed 
the monetary situation and the amount of hoards and ornaments which the people had put 
by, and gave an interesting historical survey for the purpose of forming an estimate of the 
stock of precious metals which the various conquerors had left in the country after successive 
raids, and of the amount which from time to time had been imported and allowed to remain 
in the hands of the people. He reckoned that the amount of the totals of the two stores 
was — in currency, in 1876, 146 crores of rupees, rising to 223 crores in 1900 ; and under 
the second head (hoards and ornaments) six crores in 1875, increasing to S j- crores in 1S95, 
In one of the numerous tables supplementary to the paper there was set out a balance-sheet 
of India which seemed to show' that the actual capital wealth, as distinguished from income, 
per head of the population, increased from Rs. 703^8 in 1S75 to Rs.986’6 in 1895, or no less 
than 40 ‘2 per cent. In conclusion, he gave figures to show the great rise in capital 
investments of recent years. In 1S75 the amount was Rs.20, 13,70,000 ; in 1894, 
Rs. 53,06,51,000 ; and in 1899, Rs.76,22,69,000. Mr. Atkinson described this increase as a 
satisfactory indication that the rise in the exchange value of the rupee had stimulated the 
supply of capital, the greater portion of which came from England. 
THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. 
At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, held on the 10th ult., the 
Rev. Thomas Lewis read a paper on “ The Ancient Kingdom of Congo : Its 
Present Position and Possibilities.” Mr. G. S. Mackenzie presided in the absence of 
Sir Clements R. Markham, the president. 
Mr Lewis, in the course of his paper, remarked that he had laboured in Africa for 
19 years, 15 of which he had spent in Portuguese Congo. After referring to the past history 
of Congo, he alluded to present conditions and said that the native was capable of thinking 
and reasoning, and therefore could be trained to take a prominent part in the development 
of his country. Hitherto, both the country and its people had been sadly neglected, and at 
this critical time in the history of Africa he wished to put in a plea for a fuller recognition 
of the native element in dealing with African questions. They could not manage Africa 
apart from the African, and the future of the vast continent, from the Cape to Cairo, would 
depend, in a large measure, on how they dealt with the natives. He viewed with the 
deepest concern and distrust the present fever-heat rush of civilization into the heart of 
Africa. It was not a natural growth, and it did not represent any real development of the 
native character. 
The progress of the country and the advancement of free institutions depended wholly 
upon the character of the people and upon a long and patient course of training. From that 
point of view it was not altogether a disadvantage that the country was in the hands of the 
least ambitious and self-assertive of European Governments. The very weakness and 
poverty of the Portuguese had its advantages, for the small military force at their command 
made them wary of entering upon mischievous punitive expeditions. An important move, in 
his opinion, would be to protect the principal caravan routes from the interior to the coast 
stations. Those routes were often closed on account of native disputes and fightings. On 
such occasions unwary caravans were attacked and plundered of all goods and produce. 
Even iu time of peace it was appalling the amount of blackmailing that went on. 
The transport problem was a very serious one, and a final solution of the difficulty 
would not be arrived at until railways had been constructed from the coast to the chief 
markets in the interior. The most serious outlook for the future was that the whole district, 
rich in fertile valleys and productive highlands, was lying idle without any attempt to make 
use of it. He suggested that the establishment of a school of agriculture and a botanical 
garden would be a step in the direction of averting the total ruin which threatened in the 
province. He did not know of a single commodity of commercial value which was produced 
in the Congo and Lombo countries except what the natives consumed themselves, and yet the 
soil would grow almost everything. 
The future of the ancient kingdom of Congo did not depend on the discovery of gold or 
copper within its borders, but on the more important discovery of the native himself — the 
discovery of all that was best in him and all that was noble. For generations he had been 
looked upon as “a slave,” “a piece,” and “a hand,” but not until the man in him was 
found and recognized could there he any real progress made in the development of Africa. 

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. 
CORRESPONDENCE AND ENQUIRIES. 
I 'SsTThe following are given as specimens of some of the enquiries which have been addressed to, 
and satisfactorily answered by, the Institute during the past month ( February J. 
*** All communications must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer. Enquiries 
zvkick would involve special applications or expense will be a matter of arrangement with 
the correspondent. 
D. Sc Co., London . — Sugar refiners in Austria. 
H. D., Huddersfield . — Makers of fan folding frames for paper. 
F. W. B., Dulwich . — Cultivation of sponges. 
W. W. , London . — Salt trade in the East. 
A. Sc S., Leeds . — Woods suitable for the construction of an organ for the West Indies. 
B. B. Sc Co., Seychelles . — Manufacture of fish oils. 
N. V., Norway . — Import duties on goloshes into various countries. 
H. C., Tasmania . — Preparation of anchovies. 

REQUIREMENTS REGISTRY. 
In order to provide correspondents with an opportunity of making known special “wants" 
or “needs" in the British Colonies, India, and Foreign Countries, space will be regularly 
devoted to the publication of approved notices in the Imperial Institute Journal. Notices, 
as a rule, should not exceed 25 words in length, for which a charge of 2s. 6d. wall be made for 
each insertion. Special arrangements can be made for longer notices. 
Specimens of Foreign and Colonial Woods desired. Purchase or 
exchange. Names and localities must be well authenticated. Address— 
Herbert Stone, Bracebridge-street, Birmingham. 
The Curator of the Canadian Section of the Imperial Institute is prepared to 
furnish information about Canadian Trade and to supply names of importers, manufacturers, 
shippers, etc. 
The following trade enquiries have been received at the Canadian Section of the Imperial 
Institute, from the Curator of which Section further particulars may be obtained : — ■ 
Home Enquiries. — A firm of manufacturers wishes to hear from Canadian firms who can 
supply round wood of a tough character, £ in., § in., § in., £ in, 1 in. in diameter. 
Quotations to be for ton lots, c.i.f. United Kingdom port. 
A firm representing several Continental packers of preserved goods is open to undertake 
the agency of a first-class Canadian packer of canned goods. 
An important firm of wholesale stationers asks to be placed in communication with 
Canadian manufacturers of wood-work drawing materials, such as drawing boards, 
T squares, set squares, etc. 
A north of England firm desires information as to the production of fish glues in Canada, 
and invites manufacturers of this material to forward samples and prices. 
A London house asks for addresses of principal wholesale lumber houses in New Brunswick. 
A London broker wishes to secure the agency of a Canadian packer of canned fruits, 
vegetables, etc, 
Canadian Enquiries. — A Canadian manufacturer of maple flooring blocks, maple rollers, 
coffin stock, etc., asks to be placed in communication with reliable United Kingdom 
importers of same. 
A Canadian manufacturer about to undertake the production of wood skewers desires 
information as to the possibility of finding a profitable market for same in the United 
Kingdom. 
A Canadian firm which is in a position to contract for large supplies of high grade felspar 
invites correspondence from British importers of the material. C.i.f. quotations can be 
made. 
— +. 
MAPS AND CHARTS.— RECORDS. 
[The entire collection of maps (with the exception of a few atlases and maps issued by private 
firms) consists of authoritative publications of the various government cartographical departments. 
Such as : the One-inch Ordnance Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, a complete set of Admiralty 
Charts, and a selection from the maps compiled in the Intelligence Division of the War Office ; 
the monumental “ Indian Atlas," and a large number of the publications of the Surveyor-General's 
Office, Calcutta ; the Geological Survey of Canada, and the Government Surveys of Victoria and 
New South Wales. In the arrangement of the collection, the geographical classification of the 
War Office Intelligence Department catalogue has, with some modifications, been followed.] 
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF MAPS DURING FEBRUARY, 1902. . 
AFRICA. 
Egypt. I.D.W.O. 
Sudan Sheets, No. 1489 : — Roseires, Salmia, Lower Orao, Mt. Lubur. 
Index Map No. 1568, 
Presented by the Director-General of Mobilization and Military Intelligence. 
India. Surveyor-General’ a Office, Calcutta. 
Indian Atlas. Sheet 65. Quarter-sheets, 42 S.E. , 48 N.E., 48 S.W. , 48 S.E, , 42 S.E, , 
52 N.W., 59 N.W., 71 N.W., 71 S.W., 72 S.W., 78 N.W. 
Assam Survey, i inch to 1 mile; Sheets 16, 28, 69. 
Central India and Rajputana Survey, i inch to 1 mile; Sheets 206, 227, 229, 247, 320, 
324, 331, 343, 347, 365. 
North-West Provinces and Oudh Survey, i inch to 1 mile ; Sheets 14, 205. 
South Eastern Frontier, i inch to 4 miles ; Sheets t N.W., 4 N.W. 
Lowb:r Provinces Revenue Survey, i inch to 1 mile; Sheets 4, 5, District Purneah. 
Central Provinces, i inch to 80 miles, 1901 ; District Mandla, 1 inch to 8 miles, 1899. 
Mysore, i inch to 16 miles, 1900. 
Berar, 1 inch to 8 miles, 1896. 
Calcutta and Surrounding Country, i inch to 1 mile, 1900 
Calcutta and 10 miles round, 1 inch to 1 mile, 1900. 
Topographical Signs. Presented by the India Office. 
