Vol, VIII. No. 87. 
IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL. 
[March, 1902.] 75 
CHARTS AND PLANS. 
Published by the Hydrographic Department , Admiralty , during November and December , jqoi; 
J. D. Potter, Agent, i./y, Minories, London, E.C. 
No. New Charts. 
3207 Northern entrance to A chill sound, including the approaches to Tonregee, 
3215 France, west coast : — Goulet de Fromantine to Pointe de St. Gildas. 
3166 West Indies : — Puerto Rico island. Jobos harbour. 
3x88 Central America : — Gulf of Mexico. Sabine pass. 
1284 South America, east coast : — Cape Dos Bahias to Staten island. 
3226 South America, east coast : — Port Santa Cruz. 
616 Africa, west coast : — Sierra Leone river and anchorage. 
3211 Africa, east coast — Zanzibar island : — Zanzibar harbour. 
1988 China, east coast — Approach to Samsa inlet. 
3184 China : Plans in the Yang Tse Kiang ltu reach. 
3216 Japan: — Plans on the east coast of Nipon Island: — Nakanosaku. Ilakuchi. Naka 
Minato. Hirakata wan. 
3186 Australia, north-west coast: — Mary Ann passage and approaches. 
3187 Australia, west coast : — Mangrove islands to north-west cape. 
3221 Plans on the south coast of Australia : — Duke of Orleans bay. Goose island bay. 
2662 Celebes : Ports in Makassar strait. Plans added : — Lmgadang road and Belonlioh bay. 
Pambauwang road. Chinrana and Binanga bays. 
Charts that have received additions or corrections too large to be conveniently inserted by hand, and 
in most cases other than those referred to in the Admiralty Notices to Mariners , 
No. 
1991 England, south coast : — Folkestone 
harbour. 
1951 England, west coast : — Liverpool bay. 
1975 England, east coast. River Thames: — - 
Kentish Knock to the West Swin. 
2693 England, east coast : — Orwell and 
Stour rivers. 
2845 England, Channel islands : Alderney 
harbour. 
1297 Norway :— Lepso to Ona, 
1298 Norway : — Approaches to Molde. 
1972 Norway : — Approaches to Trondhjem, 
eastern sheet. 
1343 France, west coast : — Adour river from 
the entrance to Bayonne. 
1422 North America: — Labrador. 
327 Lake Huron : — Georgian Bay. 
2908 Africa, south coast : — Port Natal 
entrance. 
1003 Africa, east coast : — Pungue river, 
Beira harbour. 
759 a Madagascar : — Cape St. Andrew to 
Bevato island. 
143 Red Sea : — Jebel Tei'r to Perim island. 
1413 Malacca strait : — Rhio strait. 
1789 Malacca strait : — Channels between 
Sumatra and Linga. 
941$ Eastern archipelago : — Western por- 
tion. 
942a Eastern archipelago : — Eastern por- 
tion. 
3044 Celebes: — Ujong Jonga to Ujong 
Kassi. 
2636 Philippine islands : — Strait of Makas- 
sar, north part. 
2391 Philippine islands : — Port Ilo Ilo. 
975 Philippine islands : — Port Kavite. 
2660^ China sea : — Southern portion. 
2357 China, north coast: — Ching Wang 
Tao road. 
1708 Australia, Sheet II.: — Albert river. 
917 Australia, west coast : — Harbours and 
anchorages on the west coast. 
1700 Australia, west coast : — Freemantle 
harbour and Gage roads. 
1059 Australia, south coast ; — Doubtful 
island bay to the head of the Great 
Australian bight. 
2984 Australia, south coast : — Esperance 
bay. 
♦ 
THE FROZEN MEAT TRADE OF 1901. 
In their review of the Frozen Meat Trade of 1901, Messrs. Weddel and Co. state that, 
speaking generally, it must be admitted that it was a year of unduly high expectations, 
which ended in disappointment to both colonial and home dealers. All the disappointment 
and loss arose through rates being paid in the Colonies higher than at any time were warranted 
by the position of the market at this end, and not through any unusually low range 
of values prevailing at Smithfield, where prices during 1901 were well up to the average, for 
most classes of frozen meat. The drought in Australia caused growers there to demand 
prices for their limited surpluses which left no margin for exporters to work upon. In 
New Zealand the opinion was generally entertained that stocks in that Colony were shorter 
than was actually the case, the light shipments made during the earlier part of the year 
lending colour to the idea. Freezing companies and speculators in the colonial markets 
paid extreme prices for both mutton and lamb, and found difficulty in reselling to British 
operators without at once facing a loss. In many instances, rather than accept that position 
these highly priced purchases were sent on to London for sale on consignment, but with 
unfortunate results. 
The total quantities imported during the year from both Australia and New Zealand 
were by no means excessive ; but the Australian export was most erratic, and the arrival of 
New Zealand shipments was not well timed, receipts of mutton and lamb in the second half 
of the year being much too heavy for the demand at that season. Supplies from the River 
Plate increased in volume steadily throughout the year, so that the belated shipments of 
mutton from New Zealand had to face the further disability of competing with heavy arrivals 
from the Argentine Republic. 
The war in South Africa, again, had some influence upon the course of the market. 
Large quantities of beef and mutton from Australia were delivered at the Cape, instead of 
being brought on to London, as would probably have been the case under ordinary 
circumstances ; and to that extent the home market was relieved. On the other hand, the 
general slackening of trade throughout the country, which was so noticeable during the latter 
half of the year, was doubtless due, to some extent, to the prolongation of the war. 
The Board of Trade returns prove that the frozen meat trade in 1901 was of greater 
magnitude than in any previous year, the weight of frozen mutton, lamb, and beef imported 
from all resources being 226,095 tons, as against 209,231 tons in 1900, and 201,833 tons in 
1899. Over and above the heavy increase in frozen meats, the returns show that the import 
of American chilled beef was heavier than it had ever been before, the total receipt being no 
less than 159,014 tons. 
Seldom was there any excessive supply of home-fed meats on the market, and the prices 
of English beef and , mutton were maintained fairly steady throughout the year. In 
September there was rather a heavy run of Scotch lambs on the market, and prices at that 
time fell to a low ebb ; but this was quite exceptional, and neither home-fed nor Continental 
supplies, at any time dining 190 1, had much direct influence upon the course of values for 
frozen meats: certainly the market fluctuations of the two classes of meat appeared to be, to 
a very great extent, independent of each other. Extended experience only confirms the views 
set forth in these columns in 1S96 that the importation of frozen meat has practically created 
an entirely new set of meat consumers in this country, largely, of course, amongst the working 
classes, who are in consequence very much better fed than can have been the case fifteen or 
twenty years ago. 
With regard to the general outlook, the report says that for ten years past the flocks and 
herds of the United Kingdom have remained almost stationary, while the population has 
increased by 3,720,000 persons. The utmost that can be claimed for the home supply of 
beef and mutton is that it has maintained its volume in recent years, but it does not nearly 
keep pace with the growth of population. This explains why the prices of home-fed 
beef and mutton have not declined in view of the vast increase in the importation of frozen 
meat. 
Despite the persistent reduction revealed by the official returns of flocks and herds 
in the United States from 1893 to 1900, the exports thence of cattle, sheep, and beef all 
showed great expansion in 1901. It is, therefore, of eonparatively little use to endeavour to 
estimate the shipments in the near future on the basis of these returns alone. Although prices 
may be low here, the export of cattle or beef to Great Britain goes on irrespective of that fact, 
provided other conditions in the States call for the relief of the local markets ; while, if prices 
-are high in England, the export from the States appears to be capable of immediate expan- 
sion. The shortage in the 1901 maize crop, however, and the consequent forced selling of 
&A-3G/-13 
cattle during the past three months, have already led to a marked advance in prices of fat stock 
in the States. Trade there is decidedly brisk at present ; and these considerations warrant 
the expectation that there may be some slackening in the export trade in the near future. 
Export of chilled beef from Canada may show some slight growth ; and small additions 
to the total supplies of meat may arrive in the form of chilled beef from the Argentine 
Republic ; but the relation of these two factors to the trade as a whole must remain unim- 
portant for some time to come. 
A good deal of interest is being shown by the Russian Imperial Government in the 
development of a meat export trade to this country. Small quantities of Russian beef have 
come to hand in recent winters, but the quality and condition were not good enough to 
command encouraging results. Possibly, with proper transit facilities and Government 
encouragement, a larger trade might be successfully carried on ; but it is not likely to assume 
any importance during the next twelve months. 
Further satisfactory experience has been gained in South Africa during the past twelve 
months of the suitability of Australian frozen beef and mutton for military purposes, and the 
British Government has just recently called for tenders for extensive supplies to be delivered 
there during 1902. These will probably be drawn mainly from Australia, and, together with 
the quantities to be delivered for military consumption in the Philippines and at the 
Mediterranean ports, must materially curtail the export from the Commonwealth to the 
United Kingdom, 
The latest cable advices from Australia point to a continuance of the drought conditions 
over a considerable part of the continent, and there is consequently little or no prospect of 
heavy shipments of either beef or mutton being sent forward in the immediate future. The 
supply of lambs is already nearly exhausted, so that receipts in the coming spring are certain 
to be moderate. From New Zealand complaints are general as to the backwardness of the 
season, but apparently the output of both mutton and lamb is expected to at least equal 
the deliveries of last season. Beef is at present scarce and dear, with only slight prospect 
of last year’s export being increased. In the River Plate the season is reported to be 
unusually favourable, and everything points to a still larger output of both beef and mutton 
in the near future. The existing freezing works will continue to operate to their full 
capacity, and in April next the new works at Bahia Blanca are expected to be opened. It 
is believed by those engaged in the trade that even if the export of live cattle and sheep 
be resumed the operations of the freezing works will not thereby be checked to any material 
extent. 
The demand, apart from the normal increase resulting from growth of population, must 
be influenced to a large extent by the general state of trade in this country. At present that 
is only moderately good, and a continuance of the war will almost certainly aggravate the 
existing dulness. As soon, however, as peace is secured, the spurt which must follow in all 
kinds of business may be expected to benefit the meat trade almost immediately. On the 
whole, the probabilities are mainly in favour of a fairly good year, with possibly some early 
improvement in prices owing to short shipments afloat and light home supplies. 
<*“ 
NEW BOOKS, etc. 
Cassell and Company, Ltd. (London, 1903.) With the “ Ophir” round the Empire: 
an account of the tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales, igoi. By William 
Maxwell, Special Correspondent of the Standard. Illustrated. Svo,, pp. xviii, -j- 332. 
(I'rice, 6s.) This is an admirable record of the memorable tour of their Royal 
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remarkable voyage which marks an epoch in the history of the Empire. One of the 
chief objects of this long tour was the opening at Melbourne on May 9th of the new 
Federal Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, but the most important result 
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quickened the spirit of brotherhood, and brought us nearer to the accomplishment of 
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George Bell and Sons. (London, 1902.) The Life op Napoleon including new 
materials from the British Official Records. By John Holland Rose, M.A., late 
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vols. Large post Svo., pp. 594 + 512. (Price, 16s.) The life of Napoleon Bonaparte 
lias often been written, from various points of view, conveying very different ideas of 
the merits and faults of this great military genius. The writer of this present work has 
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and his examination has yielded much valuable information on the subject. These 
records show that the policy of the English Government, though weak at first, became 
sound and consistent, and grew stronger towards the end. He has also consulted nearly 
all the works relating to the period that have already been published, and has produced 
a remarkably clear and lively account of the wonderful career of this “ scourge of Europe.” 
lie has dealt almost exclusively with the political and military aspect of Napoleon’s life, 
only referring to his private life where it is connected with public affairs. Mr. Rose’s 
work is written in a concise yet graphic style, suitable to the stirring incidents and 
momentous events portrayed, and is free from any personal bias. The numerous illustra- 
tions and maps inserted in the volumes add much to their interest, and there is a useful 
index appended. 
George Philip and Son. (London, 1902.) Mosquito Brigades and how to organise 
them. By Ronald Ross,' F.R.C.S., D.P.H., F.R.S. Svo., pp. vi. + 98. (Price, 
3s. net.) The discovery made by Major Ross that the germs of the most important 
tropical diseases, malarial fever, yellow fever, and elephantiasis, are inoculated into 
human beings by the bites of mosquitoes, has caused a revolution in tropical hygiene. 
In this volume the author gives full and clear instructions as to the methods to be 
adopted for the destruction of these pests, and directions as to the organisation and 
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actual results of the operations now being carried on by the Liverpool School of 
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place where yellow fever breaks out is bearing fruit, for it is stated that at Havana 
no case of yellow fever occurred during last November, a condition which has not 
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JOHN Murray. (London, 1901.) China , her History , Diplomacy and Commerce from 
the earliest times to the present day. By E. H. Parker, formerly H.M. Consul at 
Kiungchow. With maps. Second impression. Svo., pp. xx. + 332. (Price, Ss.) 
The writer of this interesting book has had many years’ residence in China, having 
spent a quarter of a century at many of the ports, besides travelling through some of 
