Vol. VIII. No. 88. 
IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL. 
[April, 1902.] 105 
Since making the above report, the Consul has learnt that the Egyptian Government 
has promulgated a decree (January 10, 1902), prohibiting the diving-bell in sponge fishing. 
It is also ordered that drag-nets must not be used in waters of less depth than eighty metres 
(292 feet). Licences for boats for harpooning and nude diving will be granted at §25 per 
season, while dredging boats must pay §50. Any vessel using diving apparatus will be con- 
fiscated and sold. Professor Flegel now announces that Samos, Crete, Cyprus, Tunis and 
Egypt, having banished the “ skafander,” Greece and Turkey will be invited to follow their 
example. 
4. 
NEW BOOKS, etc. 
Gordon and Gotcii. (London, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Wellington, and 
Cape Town.) The Australian Handbook , ( incorporating New Zealand, Fiji, and 
New Guinea), Shippers', Importers ’ , and Professional Directory and Business Guide 
for 1902. Thirty-third year of issue, with maps, plans, etc. La. Svo., pp. 652 + 191. 
(Price, 10s. 6d.) This useful and well-compiled year-book has acquired a wide reputation 
as a handy and complete work of reference on questions relating to Australasia, and the 
present issue has perhaps been more carefully edited than any of its predecessors. The 
Gazetteer portion of the work, descriptive of towns, has now been collated into one 
section, thus simplifying reference to any of the cities and places in the Commonwealth 
and New Zealand. General information, statistics of agriculture, minerals, trade and 
commerce, etc., are classified in connection with each of the States of the Commonwealth 
and New Zealand under their respective divisions. The flag and seal of the new 
Commonwealth will be found represented, and the names of the members of both Houses 
of the first Commonwealth Parliament are given. A copy of the Commonwealth Tariff 
Bill has been inserted with the latest amendments received. Some of the clauses of this 
Bill, affecting Shippers and Importers, will probably be considerably modified. The 
Colonial Buyer’s Guide and Shippers’ Directory, most useful portions of the book, have 
been carefully revised and, when necessary, extended. The work has become indispens- 
able to commercial men and those having business connection with Australasia. The 
immense quantity and variety of information, given in a condensed form, testify to the 
enormous labour expended on its compilation. 
Horace Marshall and Son. (London, 1901.) India in the Nineteenth Century. 
By Demetrius C. Boulger. Svo., pp. 360. With illustrations and a map. 
This volume contains an account of the progress of India during the past century, 
a period during which the Empire has seen more changes and improvements than 
any previous century lias brought about. The material progress of India has been 
enormous, and in every part of the country the benefits derived from British rule are most 
apparent. After preliminary chapters on the quest and conquest of India, the author 
describes the first epoch of reform under the Company, and our numerous wars with the 
Afghans and Sikhs, concluding with the annexation of the Punjab. Lord Dalhousie’s 
administration as Governor-General, which effected many and lasting benefits to the 
country, receives due recognition, and this is followed by a brief, but well-written 
summary of the Mutiny of 1857-8, winch caused so much misery, and greatly retarded 
the progress of the country. It, however, led to the disappearance of the East India 
Company and the proclamation of Queen Victoria as Empress of India. Twenty years 
of peace followed, interrupted by our last Afghan wars. After describing the rule of the 
last five viceroys, Mr. Boulger gives a summary of the material progress of India during 
the century, showing that there has been a great development and expansion in the 
resources and wealth of the country by means of railways, canals and irrigation. The 
social circumstances and condition of the people have greatly improved, and though 
famines are unfortunately still frequent, their effects have been mitigated by the improved 
means of communication. The author concludes with a “ retrospect and a forecast ” in 
which he advocates the formation of an Imperial council which would furnish a safe and 
sure mode of inter-communication between the Viceroy’s Government and the responsible 
rulers, administrators and merchants of India. Mr. Boulger’s opinions are deserving of 
the highest consideration, but it is to be hoped that his fears of a Russian invasion may 
prove groundless. He urges the raising of the Anglo-Indian garrison to the highest 
possible point of strength and efficiency. He says : — “ We need not fear the result of 
any struggle with Russia if we are ready and prepared, but the desire to shirk the con- 
clusion that such a struggle is inevitable is one of the chief reasons why Asiatics doubt 
our power and the issue of that contest when it comes. They do not understand our 
reluctance to face and admit the truth, and sometimes our forbearance is interpreted as 
cowardice. The safety of India depends on her being in a state of military preparedness 
to resist invasion, and the belief that is in that state is the best creative force of confidence 
and loyalty.” 
Horace Marshall and Son. (London, 1901.) The Foundation of British East Africa. 
By J. W, Gregory, D.Sc. With maps and illustrations. Svo., pp. 282. (Price, 6s. 
net.) This book contains a popular description of the geography, social condition and 
administration of British East Africa, a colony which, on account of its great natural fer- 
tility, is becoming more important every day, especially as the railway from Mombasa has 
now reached the Victoria Nyanza lake, and there is every prospect of new markets being 
opened up and trade greatly increased. Dr. Gregory’s work will be read with interest, 
and his observations on the future of British East Africa are deserving of much 
consideration. He says that the primary need of our possessions in Equatorial Africa is 
a special service of men appointed by open competition as in the Indian Civil Service, 
but these men should know the country and understand its people. The separation 
of the management of East Africa from the ordinary work of the Foreign Office is 
therefore advisable, and it has been proposed to transfer it to the Colonial Office, 
“ The main requirement for the successful administration of British East Africa is a 
Government that will curb militarism, raise a permanent staff of men whose hearts are 
in their work, scientifically develop the natural resources of the country, and enlist the 
systematic co-operatiou of the better elements of the native population.” The maps and 
illustrations inserted in the volume will be found most useful. 
James M’Kklvie and Sons. (Greenock, 1901.) Notes on the Sugar Industry of the 
United Kingdom. By John M. Hutcheson. La, Svo., pp. 137. (Price, 5s. net.) 
The author of this book has been connected with the sugar trade in Greenock for fifty- 
three years, and this lung experience has given him an intimate acquaintance with the 
progress and vicissitudes of the industry. The growth of the sugar trade during recent 
years has been very great ; the consumption, as shown in a statistical tabic, having 
increased from 931,668 Lons in 18S0 to 1,571,357 tons in 1900. During this period the 
importation of cane-sugar has declined, while that of beetroot has increased enormously. 
Mr. Hutcheson draws attention to the great change that has taken place, since the 
abolition of the sugar duly in 1874, ‘ n the sources from which we procure our sugars, 
and in the relative weight of sugar imported. Though the sugar industry is in a 
declining condition, yet, with the abolition of foreign bounties, some resuscitation may 
he anticipated. These records of the growth of sugar-refining in Lhe United Kingdom 
will be found most interesting, especially the personal notes relating to refining firms 
and families. 
John IIeyvvood. (Manchester.) Handbook of Sierra Leone for 1901 and 1902. Edited 
by A. B. C. Merriman-Labor, of the Colonial Secretary’s Office, Sierra Leone. 
Sm. Svo., pp. 206. (Price, 3s.) This little handbook is designed to lie “ a treasury of 
information ” relating to the Colonial and Municipal Governments of Sierra Leone, its 
trade and commerce, religion and education, the army and navy, and every conceivable 
matter of interest connected with the Colony and its protectorate. It has been prepared 
from Government records, and may be regarded as official. The handbook will be found 
most useful to all who have business relations with West Africa. Some interesting and 
amusing particulars are given in Lhe biographical sketches of natives of Sierra Leone. 
A map showing the extension of the railway to Bo is inserted and also a view of free- 
town from the harbour. Judging from the initial number this handbook is likely to 
have a good circulation. 
John Murray. (London, 1902.) Speeches on Canadian Affairs. By Henry Howard 
Molyneux, Fourth Earl of Carnarvon. Edited by _ Sir Robert 
Herbert, G.C.B. 8vo., pp. xvi. + 386. (Price, 7s. 6d. net.) This book contains 
speeches, mainly on Canada, by the late Lord Carnarvon, during the period from 1S54 
to 1887. In 1867, as Secretary of State for Colonies, Lord Carnarvon aided materially in 
bringing about the confederation of the provinces now forming the Dominion of Canada. 
Lord Carnarvon possessed an intimate acquaintance with colonial questions generally, 
and his speeches will be read with interest, especially that delivered in 1870, on the 
“ Constitutional Relations of the Colonies with Great Britain,” in which he expressed 
his views with regard to the unity of the Empire, and the necessity of closer bonds of 
union between the colonies and the mother-country. Lord Carnarvon’s opinions and 
suggestions with regard to an Imperial policy have now been acted upon, and an 
Imperial confederation is likely to be formed. With regard to commercial relations 
with the colonies, he said that for many years they have been our best customers, and 
our Colonial Empire is one of such extent, fertility and variety of production that we 
could get everything we want from within its boundaries. “One of the best things we 
could do would be to see if we could not devise some form of commercial connection 
between the colonies and the mother-country.” The issue of this volume at the 
present time is most opportune and it will well repay perusal. 
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. (London, 1902.) The British 
Empire Series, Vol. v. : General. With two maps. Large post Svo., pp. 6S1. (Price, 
6s.). This volume is the last of a very important series which has been designed to 
give reliable information regarding every portion of the British Empire. The subjects of 
the papers included in this final volume are of a more general and varied character than 
those in the preceding volumes, and embrace such topics as the “ Negro in Barbados ” ; 
“ The British Empire of To-day and To-morrow,” by Sir C. E. Howard Vincent ; 
“ The British Navy,” by J. C. Wheeler ; “ Naval Bases and Coaling Stations” ; “ The 
British Army ” ; “ The Railway Systems of Greater Britain ” ; etc. The volume will 
be found most interesting, as many of the questions of the day relating to the Empire are 
dealt with. In an appendix there are statistics of the British Empire and colonising 
countries, a chronological table and census returns. The series will, no doubt, prove an 
admirable means of spreading a knowledge of the vast extent and the illimitable resources 
of our Empire. 
“Knowledge” Office. (London, 1902.) Bird Hunting on the White Nile, a 
Naturalist's Experiences in the Soudan. By Harry F. Witherby, P.Z.S. 
Illustrated, 8vo., pp. 117. (Price, .) This little book, which contains some 
excellent and artistic photographic illustrations, gives a brief account of a recent tour 
in the Soudan, undertaken to add to the knowledge of the fauna of that country. 
It was found that mammals were exceedingly scarce, but 141 specimens of different 
kinds of birds were observed and collected. The account of the present condition of 
the country and its natives is interesting, and ornithologists will find the author’s 
observations on the bird-life in the Soudan useful and valuable. 
E. Marlborough and Co. (London, 1902.) Hindustani Self-taught, with English 
phonetic pronunciation. By C. A. Thimm, F.R.G.S. Crown Svo., pp. no. (Price:— 
paper wrapper, 2s. ; cloth, 2s. 6d.) This little book contains Hindustani idiomatic 
phrases and dialogues, travel-talk, military, legal, religious, commercial and sporting 
terms, together with tables of Indian money, weights and measures, which will be of 
practical service to tourists, commercial men, anti others. The phonetic system of 
pronunciation given and the use of roman letters and spellings, instead of Hindustani 
characters, will help greatly in acquiring a knowledge of the language sufficient for 
ordinary conversational purposes. 
C. Mitchell and Co. (London, 1903.) The Newspaper Press Directory and Advertisers' 
Guide ; and a Directory of Class Tapers and Periodicals. Fifty-seventh annual issue, 1902. 
La. Svo., pp. 223. (Price, 2s.) This useful and well-compiled directory presents in its 
fifty-seventh issue all the excellent features that have appeared in previous editions. In 
addition this year some special articles have been added which enhance the value and 
interest of the work. Mr. Hugh Fraser, LL.D. contributes an article on “The Legal 
Year in its relation to the Press,” and Mr. Moore has written one on “The Press 
Coronation,” showing the progress made by the British Press during the reign of 
Queen Victoria. The Hon. W. P. Reeves, Agent-General for New Zealand, and the 
Hon. Sir John A. Cockburn, have wrilten on Colonial questions, and there is also an 
interesting article on “ The Commonwealth Tariff.” Special articles will be found in 
the South African section and there are, in addition, the usual Trade Reviews. The com- 
pilation has been carried on with extreme care, so as to ensure accuracy. From the 
preface we learn that the number of newspapers now in existence in the British Isles 
reaches 2,457 ; magazines,, including quarterly reviews, number 2,486, of which 508 
arc of a religious (character. This will give some idea of the necessity of having a 
directory for such a vast array of publications. 
Sampson Low, Marston and Company, Ltd. (London, 1902.) Types of Naval Officers 
drawn from the History of the British Navy. By A. T. MAHAN, D.C.L., LL.D., 
Captain United States Navy. With portraits. Svo., pp. xiv + 500, (Price, 10s. 6d.) 
In this book the writer of The Influences of Sea Power on History has supplemented 
bis work by an account of the conditions of naval warfare at the beginning of the 
eighteenth century and its subsequent development during the period, as typified in the 
lives of six of the most distinguished British seamen who played a great part in the 
evolution of sea lighting and the improvement of the system which enabled Nelson to 
achieve his fame and save Europe from the grasp of the great Napoleon. These were 
the men who restored to the British Navy the supremacy of the seas, after the mis- 
carriage at Toulon in 1744, and Minorca in 1756 ; and the traditions handed down by 
them are still treasured as sacred in the British Navy. Capt. Mahan has, by this most 
readable volume, added greatly to his already widely known reputation and authority as 
a naval historian. 
Sonnenschein and Co., Ltd. (London, 1902.) What's What : a Guide for To-day to life 
as it is and things as they arc. By Harry Quieter, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb. ; 
Barrister-at-Law. Svo., pp. 1 182. (Price, 6s.) This volume contains a vast amount of 
useful information concerning men, places and things in general, well selected and 
arranged in a handy form for reference. The criticisms and opinions of the writers are 
distinguished by their acumen and originality, and there is nothing dull or commonplace 
to be found in the pages of this work such as is frequently met with in many guide books. 
The “ pavagrams,” of which there are no less than 2,500, are written in a vigorous and 
terse style; and include a great variety of subjects, so that ordinary readers, especially those 
whose reading does not extend much beyond the newspapers and magazines ol the day, will 
find the book exceedingly interesting and instructive. The observations on art, 
literature and education are specially noteworthy. The illustrations, particularly the 
reproduction of a charming view of Amiens by David Cox, never hitherto published, 
enhance the attractiveness of this cleverly compiled and entertaining volume. 
Stubbs’ Ltd. (London, 1902.) Stubbs' Commercial Year-Book and Gazette Index, 1902. 
Twenty-third Annual Issue. Containing the Registered Information for the year 1902. 
For suberibers only. Svo. , pp. 336. This year-book is intended for commercial men, as 
its chief feature is an index of the entries in the Gazettes for the year 1901. It also 
contains epitomes of the laws relating to cheques, payment of money, bankruptcy and 
partnership ; the public legislation of 1901 ; statistics of commerce and trade, etc., 
which will be found useful. 
The “Gazetteer OF India.” — The Secretary of State for India has appointed Mr. James 
S. Cotton, for many years editor of the Academy, to carry out the revision of the 
Imperial Gazetteer of India decided on some time ago. Mr. Cotton was the late 
