Vol. VIII. No. 88 
IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL 
[April, 1902.] m 
a commercial museum in Fusan, and that the Yokohama 
Chamber of Commerce has been requested to send exhibits. 
Japan (Osaka). — The special building to be provided for 
foreign exhibits at the National Industrial Exhibition, to 
be held at Osaka in 1903, will have an area of five-sixths of an 
acre. 
Russia— Poland (Yilna). — An Agricultural and In- 
dustrial Exhibition will be held this year at Vilna, between 
the 13th and 21st of September. The Exhibition will consist of 
thirteen departments, namely : — 1. Agriculture. 2. Cattle, 
sheep, pigs, etc. 3. Dairy farming. 4. Horses, 5. Agricultural 
machinery and implements. 6. Horticulture. 7. Bee-keeping, 
silk growing. 8. Pisciculture and fishing. 9. Forestry and 
timber industry. 10. Farm building. xi. Agricultural and 
factory industries. 12. Hand manufactures and mining indus- 
tries. 13. General science. 

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. 
NAVAL. 
The Government have placed with private firms contracts 
for two new battleships, five first-class cruisers, and two third- 
class cruisers. 
The Ipkigenia , cruiser, Captain S. V. Y. de Horsey, which 
has been employed in the carrying of relief crews, was paid off 
on the 10th ult. at Portsmouth. 
The Wolf, torpedo-boat-destroyer, left Devonport on the 
13th ult. for Portsmouth to be placed at the disposal of the 
Committee on Torpedo-Boat-Destroyers. 
The battleship Barfleur, at Devonport dockyard, is forth- 
with to be refitted for further service at a cost of £ 80,000. The 
work will probably occupy twelve months. 
The torpedo-boat-destroyers Charger , Dasher, and Vixen 
were commissioned at Devonport on the nth ult. to replace the 
Leopard, Gipsy , and Leven in the instructional flotilla. 
The Sutlej, cruiser, which is to be commissioned at Chatham 
on April 6 to take the place of the Diadem in the Channel 
Squadron, will have a complement of 755 officers and men. 
On April 2 the torpedo-boat-destroyers Fawn, at Ports- 
mouth, and Mallard , at Chatham, will be commissioned for 
service in the Mediterranean, where they will relieve the Hardy 
and Conflict. The Mallard has recently been stiffened. 
The cruiser Philomel , recently returned from the Cape of 
Good Hope, and paid off on the 18th ult. at Devonport, will be 
prepared at Haulbowline for another commission at a cost of 
£ 20,000. The Admiralty have approved of several important 
alterations being made in her equipment. 
The Bulwark , battleship, was commissioned at Devonport 
on the 18th ult. by Captain F. T. Hamilton. Admiral Sir 
C. E. Domvile, when he assumes command of the Mediterra- 
nean Squadron, will hoist his flag at Devonport in the Bulwark, 
which will relieve the Renown, battleship, flagship of Admiral 
Sir John Fisher. 
The King Edward VII., and the sister ships Dominion and 
Commonwealth, will be the largest battleships yet built for any 
navy. They will displace 16,500 tons, and will introduce a dis- 
position of armament and protection altogether new to the 
British fleet. The ships will have great coal capacity. Their 
complement will be nearly 1,000 men if used as flagships. 
The Admiralty have informed the dockyards that, owing to 
the Coronation review, there will be no mobilisation of the fleet 
this year for the ordinary annual naval manoeuvres. In place 
of these will be the important manoeuvres to be carried out by 
the Mediterranean Fleet and the Channel and Cruiser Squadrons, 
supplemented by a large number of ships to be sent from 
England after the Naval Review. 
• The new battleship Vengeance will be commissioned on 
April 8 for service on the Mediterranean Station. The other five 
vessels of her class — i.e. , the Albion Glory , Goliath , and Ocean 
— are already in commission on the China Station, and the 
Canopus is serving in the Mediterranean. The station originally 
named for the Vengeance was China, but it is possible, now that 
the Anglo- Japanese understanding has been arrived at, we shall 
not further reinforce our fleet in Far Eastern waters. The first- 
class armoured cruiser A boukir is also to go to the Mediterranean , 
and she is to commission on April 3 to relieve the Theseus, which 
hag been in commission since January, 1899. The latter vessel, 
although a very fine and efficient cruiser, is neither as fast nor as 
powerful as the A boukir. 
The first-class armoured cruiser Leviathan, which has been 
built by contract at Clydebank, is nearly ready for delivery, and 
a navigating party was despatched to the Clyde on the 19th ult. 
for the purpose of conveying the vessel to Portsmouth Dockyard, 
where she will be completed for sea. The Leviathan , which is 
of 14,100 tons displacement, 30,000 horse-power, and an 
estimated lull speed of 23 knots per hour, was laid down at 
Clydebank on the 30th November, 1899, and launched on the 
3rd June, 1901, She will be the third of the four gigantic 
cruisers that were allowed for in the estimates of 1898-9, to be 
delivered — the Good Hope and Drake being already at 
Portsmouth. The King Alfred, which was launched at Barrow 
on the 28th October of last year, will complete this c’ass of 
valuable vessels. 
The Pron;.etheus, a small third-class steel cruiser of 2,135 tons 
displacement, has lately been carrying out some very interesting 
steam trials, designed to determine the efficiency of her propellers 
under various conditions of working. In a recent experiment 
which has just been concluded at Portsmouth, it was found 
that with the latest adjustment of the pitch of her propellers she 
succeeding in obtaining the speed of 20-3 knots per hour, which 
is slightly in excess of her estimated full speed of 20 knots, and 
that she was able to obtain this very satisfactory result with 
the engines developing about 1,000 horse-power less than had 
been the case ou previous occasions with other adjustments. 
As there are no less than eleven vessels of the Prometheus 
class in the navy, the successful alterations which have been 
made in this ship have a very important bearing upon the others 
of her class. 
The battleship Queen, which was launched by Her Majesty 
at Devonport on the 8th ult., and the King Edward VII., of 
which the King laid the keel-plate, in the dockyard there, 
represent very powerful types in the navy. The Queen displaces 
15,000 tons, and is 400 ft. long, with 75 ft. beam and 26 ft. 9 in. 
draught. In her general characteristics she resembles the 
Venerable, London , and Bulwark, which are, practically, the 
same as the ships of the Formidable class, but with side armour 
extending much nearer to the bow. In the Queen the armour 
includes a Krupp steel belt, commencing some 30 ft. from the 
bow and running a distance of 220 ft. towards the after-part of 
the ship. It is 15 feet deep, and the armour-plates are 9 in. 
thick. There is a curved transverse bulkhead near the after 
barbette of 12 in. steel, and the barbettes themselves have plates 
varying from 6 in. to 12 in. A protective deck covers the vital 
parts, "being 1 in. thick on the flat and 2 in. on the slopes, where 
it reinforces the side armour. In the matter of armament and 
speed, the Queen, like her sister ship, the Prince of Wales, 
which the Princess launched at Chatham on the 25th ult. , marks 
a distinct advance on the Venerable class. The four 12-in. 50-ton 
wire-wound guns, with hoods of 8-in. and 10-in, armour, are the 
same, but, instead of twelve 6-in. Vickers quick-firers, there are 
eight 7'5-in. modified quick-firers of a new and more powerful 
type, with ten of the 6-in. guns. There are also 18 12-prs. 
and a number of 3-pr. Hotchkiss and Maxim machine-guns. 
The ships of the Venerable class have a nominal speed of 18 knots, 
with 15,000 horse-power ; but the Queen, with 20,000 horse- 
power, is to steam at 19 knots. She is to have Babcock and 
Wilcox boilers. 
Chili. — The new battleships ordered by the Chilian Govern- 
ment to be built at Barrow and Newcastle-on-Tyne will be 
435 ft. long, with 70 ft. beam, and will have a speed of 21 knots, 
with engines having 25,000 horse-power. Each ship will carry 
four xo-in. guns, 14 7 '5 guns, and many smaller quick-firing 
guns. The vessels will cost slightly over £1,000,000 each, and 
are to be delivered within eighteen months. 
France. — Rear-Admiral Eugene Albert Mardchal has been 
appointed to take command of the French naval division in the 
Far East, to succeed Admiral Edouard Pottier. 
Russia.— The trials of the new Russian battleship 
Pobieda, which have recently taken place, have been fairly satis- 
factory, a mean speed of 18 - 5 knots having been registered 
on the measured mile. This vessel, which was laid down at the 
Baltic Works, at St. Petersburg, on February 18, 1899, and 
launched on May 24, 1900, is fitted with triple screws, driven by 
engines of an aggregate horse-power of 14,500; the maximum 
revolutions per minute of the engines are 115, but on the above 
trials they were run at from 104 to no revolutions per minute, 
and so the estimated speed of 19 knots per hour was not 
obtained. This speed, however, it is expected, will easily be 
procured when the vessel is put upon her full-power trials. The 
Pobieda is of 12,674 tons displacement, and is fitted with an 
installation of 30 boilers of the Belleville type. She is armed 
with four 10-in. and ten 6-in. guns, in addition to a smaller 
armament, and carries 724 officers and men. She is a sister 
vessel to the Peresviet and Ossliabya , which were also con- 
structed at St. Petersburg. 
MILITARY. 
Major-General the Earl of Dundonald is to be offered the 
command of the Canadian Dominion Forces. 
The recruiting returns for February show a marked improve- 
ment upon those issued for December and January. 
Captain C. G. Pritchard, Royal Garrison Artillery, has been 
appointed Commandant of the Hong Kong Volunteers. 
Major G. R. T. Rundle, R.F.A. , has been appointed to 
command the 50th Brigade Division Royal Field Artillery at 
Woolwich. 
The 2nd Battalion Cameron Highlanders which has been 
stationed at Gibraltar since 1899, has been ordered to embark 
for Crete at the end of the month. 
Major the Hon. PI. S. Davey, 18th Hussars, on promotion, 
has been appointed second in command of the 3rd Provisional 
Regiment of Hussars at Aldershot. 
Lieut. -Colonel W. H. Williams, C.M.G., R.A,, has, on 
promotion, been appointed to command the 28th Brigade 
Division Royal Field Artillery at Woolwich 
Lieutenant H. E. M, Douglas, V.C., D.S.O. , Royal Army 
Medical Corps, who was wounded at Magersfontein, has been 
appointed for light duty in the Home District. 
Major C. E. Mills, Prince of Wales's Own West York- 
shire Regiment, has been appointed to succeed Lieut. -Colonel 
G. Grant-Dalton in command of the 1st Battalion, 
Major-General F. G. Slade, C. B. , commanding the Royal 
Artillery at Gibraltar, has been appointed Inspector-General of 
Royal Garrison Artillery for a period of three years. 
Captain the Plot). A. V. Meade, Royal Horse Guards, who 
lias served on the staff in South Africa, has been selected for 
second-in-command of the 30th Battalion of I mperial Yeomanry. 
General Sir George White arrived at Gibraltar on the 18th 
ult. from England, and resumed the supreme civil and military 
command. 
Sir Plector MacDonald arrived on the 26th ult. at Colombo, 
to assume the command of the forces in Ceylon, in succession 
to Major-General Hobson. 
Colonel Lord Hardinge 7th (Tower Hamlets Militia) 
Battalion of the Rifle Brigade, is to be appointed an Aide-de- 
Camp on the staff of Lord Roberts. 
Lieut. -Colonel F. W. T. Attree, R.E., has been appointed 
Commanding Royal Engineer of the South Wales Sub-District, 
in place of Colonel H. H. Muirhead, who retires on April 4. 
All available men of the details of the Hampshire Regi- 
ment, at Aldershot, are also to be in readiness to embark for 
South Africa about April 15. This draft will go out very strong. 
The Commander-in-Chief has approved of Lieut. -Colonel 
the Hon. J. E. Lindley, now temporarily commandant of the 
Imperial Yeomanry School at Aldershot, being confirmed in 
that appointment to complete five years. 
Major W. E. Fairholme, C.M.G. , Royal Artillery, now on 
Sir General Sir George White's Staff at Gibraltar, is to be 
Military Attache in Vienna, succeeding Colonel F. M. Ward- 
rop, C.B. 
The King has been pleased to approve of the appointment 
of Lieut. -Colonel E. J. Swayne, Indian Staff Corps, to be H.M. 
Commissioner and Consul-General in the Somali Coast Pro- 
tectorate. 
Lieutenant H. S. Moberly, Indian Staff Corps, serving with 
the Hong Kong Regiment, has been appointed Aide-de-Camp 
to Major-General Sir A. R. F. Dorward, commanding at 
Shanghai. 
Major-General Frederick George Slade, C.B. , who has been 
commanding the Royal Artillery at Gibraltar since March, 1899, 
returns to England to take over the post of Inspector-General 
of Garrison Artillery at the War Office from the 1st inst. 
A cheque for £500 “to help in meeting the expenses con- 
nected with the erection of the new Soldiers’ Home in 
Buckingham-palace-road," has been forwarded to Sir George 
Chubb from an old Guardsman through the Brigade Major, 
Brigade of Guards. 
Colonel Sir Charles Parsons, K. C.M.G,, Assistant Adjutant- 
General in the Woolwich District, has been appointed a Colonel 
on the Staff, to command the Regular troops in the Dominion 
of Canada, with the local rank of Major-General. The 
appointment has been reduced from a Lieut.-General’s post. 
Orders have been issued for drafts of the Derbyshire, 
Royal Irish, and Cheshire Regiments, and South Wales 
Borderers, at Aldershot, to be prepared by the officer com- 
manding the 2nd Provisional Battalion to embark in the middle 
of April for South Africa. 
Colonel Sir James Willcocks, D.S.O. , recently arrived 
from South Africa, left England on the 13th ult. to assume 
the command of the Belgaum second-class district, to which he 
has been appointed in succession to Sir Hector MacDonald, 
D.S.O., who has been appointed to the command of the troops 
in Ceylon. 
Colonel J. M, Hunt, 2nd Battalion Cameron Highlanders, 
temporarily commanding the 1 nfantry Brigade at Gibraltar, is to 
be appointed to the command of the. 91st (Argyll and Sutherland 
Highlanders) Regimental District ; and Colonel E. J. Gallwey, 
C.B. , 2nd Battalion Somersetshire Light Infantry, to the com- 
mand of the 13th (Somersetshire) Regimental District. 
STATISTICAL NOTES. 
Foreign Trade and Commerce. — Accounts are published 
relating to the trade and commerce of certain British Possessions 
and foreign countries, from which the following figures are 
taken, showing the total imports and exports of the principal 
countries for which the particulars can be given up to December, 
1901, inclusive, and referring in all cases to the same period, 
namely, the twelve months January — December. The cor- 
responding figures for 1900 are added for comparison : — 
12 months 
ended 
December. 
Imports. 
Exports. 
1900. 
1901* 
1900. 
1901. 
Germany . 
£ 
£ 
£ 
£ 
288,281,000 
283,827,000 
230,569,000 
283,850,000 
Belgium* , 
85,871,000 
88,226,000 
74,266,000 
74.oq2.ooo 
France 
187,912,000 
188,582,000 
164,348,000 
166,647,000 
Spain* 
34,769,000 
33,552,000 
29,310,000 
26,818,000 
Italy . 
Austria- 
68,009,000 
68,704,000 
53,530,000 
54,981,000 
Hungary 
70,682,000 
70,933,000 
80,917,000 
78,716,000 
Egypt 
United 
14,480,000 
15,642,000 
17,204,000 
16, 140,000 
States 
172,740,000 
183,421,000 
302.710,000 
299,601,000 
Japan 
29,057,000 
2 j , ^02 j OOO 
19,651,000 
25,288,000 
British India 
48,005,000 
55,404,000 
68,246,000 
77,347,000 
Canada 
36,021,000 
38,434,300 
34,929,200 
38,084,500 
Kingdom 
523,075,000 
522,239,000 
291,192,000 
280,499,000 
♦Value of principal articles only. 
In the case of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria- 
Hungary, Japan, and Canada, the import figures given in 
the above summary represent imports for home consumption 
only. In all cases the export figures represent exports of 
domestic produce, 

METRICAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
Tables for Converting Metrical Weights and 
Measures. 
Hec- 
tare. 
Acre. 
Kilo- 
metre. 
Eng. 
Mile. 
Square 
Kilo- 
metre. 
Eng. 
Mile 
0-405 
1 
2 ’ 47 I 
1-609 
1 
0-621 
2-592 
1 
0-386 
0-809 
2 
4 ‘942 
3' 2I 9 
2 
1 ' 2 43 
5*184 
2 
0*7/2 
1*2X4 
3 
7 '41 3 
4-828 
3 
1-864 
7-776 
3 
1*15* 
1 ‘619 
4 
9*885 
6-438 
4 
2-486 
10-368 
4 
1*544 
2-023 
5 
12-356 
8-047 
5 
3-107 
12-960 
5 
1-930 
2-428 
6 
14-827 
9-656 
6 
3-728 
15'SS 2 
6 
2*316 
2‘833 
7 
17-298 
11-265 
7 
4 '350 
18-144 
7 
2*702 
3‘ 2 37 
8 
19-769 
12-879 
8 
4 * 97 r 
20-736 
8 
3'o88 
3 '642 
9 
22*240 
i 4'484 
9 
5 ‘ 59 2 
23-328 
9 
3'474 
4 ‘047 
10 
24-711 
16*093 
10 
6'2i4 
25*920 
10 
3-860 
8-093 
20 
49 ' 4 2 3 
32-186 
20 
12*428 
51*840 
20 
7*720 
12*140 
30 
74" 1 34 
48-279 
30 
18-641 
77-760 
30 
11*580 
16-187 
40 
98-846 
64’373 
40 
2 4 'S 55 
103-680 
40 
15.440 
20-234 
50 
12 3’557 
80-466 
50 
31-069 
129-600 
50 
19-300 
24-286 
60 
148-268 
96 - 5 S 9 
60 
37" 2 ®3 
155-520 
60 
23-160 
28-327 
70 
172-980 
112-652 
70 
43*497 
181-440 
70 
27 *020 
32-373 
80 
197*692 
128-746 
80 
49-710 
207-360 
80 
3o’8So 
36420 
90 
222*003 
144-839 
90 
55 ’ 9 2 4 
233-280 
90 
34*740 
40-467 
100 
2 47* II 4 
160-932 
100 
62-138 
259*200 
100 
38-601 
MEtre 
Yard. 
Kilo- 
gramme. 
Lb. 
Avoir. 
Litre. 
Gal- 
lons. 
0*914 
1 
1-094 
0*454 
1 
2*20 
4*54 
1 
0*22 
1-829 
2 
2*187 
o* 9°7 
2 
4*41 
9-09 
2 
0-44 
2- 743 
3 
3-281 
1*361 
3 
6-61 
13*63 
3 
o’66 
3*658 
4 
4*374 
1 -814 
4 
8-82 
18-17 
4 
o'88 
4 ' 57 2 
5 
5-468 
2-268 
5 
11*02 
22*72 
5 
1*10 
5-486 
6 
6-562 
2*722 
6 
13*23 
27-26 
6 
1*32 
6*401 
7 
7' 6 55 
3*175 
7 
15*43 
31-80 
7 
i *54 
7*315 
8 
8*749 
3*629 
8 
17*64 
36-35 
8 
1-76 
8-229 
9 
9*843 
4-082 
9 
19-84 
40-89 
9 
1-98 
9-144 
10 
10-936 
4*536 
10 
22*05 
45*43 
10 
2*20 
18-288 
20 
21-873 
9*072 
20 
44*09 
90-87 
20 
4-40 
27 ' 43 3 
30 
22‘8oq 
13-608 
30 
66*14 
136*30 
30 
6 '60 
36*576 
40 
43*745 
18*144 
40 
88 -i 3 
18174 
40 
8 -So 
45*719 
50 
54*682 
22-679 
50 
I 10*23 
227*17 
50 
II'OO 
54*863 
to 
65-618 
27-215 
60 
132-28 
272-61 
60 
13-20 
64-007 
70 
76‘554 
3 I * 75 2 
70 
i 54 * 3 2 
318*04 
70 
15-40 
73 'i 5 i 
80 
87-491 
36-288 
80 
176*37 
363 43 
60 
17-60 
82-295 
90 
98-427 
40*823 
90 
198*42 , 
408 91 
90 
19*80 
9 i ’438 
100 
109-363 
45*359 
100 
220-46 
454*35 
100 
22 'OX 
For the use of these tables the following explanation is 
necessary: — The figures in heavier type represent either of the 
columns beside it, as the case may be; vis., with hectares and 
acres in the first set of columns, 1 acre—O'poj hectare, a?id vice 
versd, 1 hectare— 2' 47 1 acres, and so on, 

Consumption of Coal in France. — The Commission ap- 
pointed to report upon the mineral production of France has 
terminated its labours, and, dealing with the production and 
consumption of coal in 1900, states that in that year the rise 
in the price was higher than it had been since 1873. The 
averge price at the pit's mouth was near ly 12s. a ton, this being 
2S. per ton higher than in the previous year. The report of the 
Commission attributes this rise to the general strike of miners in 
the South Wales coal mines and to the exceptional demand for 
coal, owing to the Transvaal war, and the requirements of 
the transport service, The consumption of coal in France for 
that year was 48,803,000 tons, or 3,575,000 tons more than in 
the preceding year. The production of the French coal mines is 
only 33,404, oco tons, and the imports for 1900 were 16,177,000 
tons, or nearly half the total production. Just half of this came 
from England, while Belgium supplied 5,330,000 tons and 
Germany 1,615,000 tons, a small quantity coming— for the first 
time — from the United States. The total value of the output 
of coal at the pit's mouth is estimated at ^20,000,000,, or about 
^3,600,000 more than in the preceding year, and of this large 
sum j£8,6oo,ooo represents the wages paid to 162,100 men 
employed in the mines. 
