162 
IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL. 
Vol. VIII. No. 90. 
[June, 1902.] 
to these are satisfactory. As a result of the factory legislation 
of last year the Chief Inspector says: “Perhaps the most im- 
portant change is that which affects ‘any manufacture, machinery, 
plant, process, or description of manual labour' certified by the 
Secretary of State to be dangerous." In place of the former 
provisions for the establishment of special rules in particular 
works, a new power is given to the Secretary of State to make 
regulations of general application to all premises in which the 
dangerous work in question is carried on. Arbitration is 
abolished, but a public enquiry may be held after the regulations 
have been published in draft, and the final regulations are 
to be laid before Parliament. It is provided that they may 
prohibit or limit employment in dangerous work, or the use of 
any material or process ; and may modify any special regulation 
contained in the Act. Existing special rules remain in force 
until repealed, the requisite sections of the 1891 and 1895 Acts 
being retained until a date to be fixed by the Secretary of State. 
A domestic factory or workshop in which any work certified by 
the Secretary of State to be dangerous is carried on, is now 
made subject to all the provisions of the Act as if it were an 
ordinary factory or workshop. 
Statistics of Mining. — The General Report on Mines and 
Quarries in the United Kingdom for the year 1901 has just been 
issued by the Home Office. Front this it appears that the total 
number of persons employed in and about all the mines of the 
United Kingdom was 839,178, of whom 806,735 worked at the 
3.397 mines under the Coal Mines Act, and 32,443 at the 731 
mines under the Metalliferous Mines Act. Compared with 
1900 there is an increase of 26,683 persons at the mines under 
the Coal Mines Act, and a decrease of 2,022 persons at the 
mines under the Metalliferous Mines Act. At the quarries 
under the Quarries Act there were 94,188 persons employed, of 
whom 59,968 worked inside the actual pits or excavations, and 
34,220 outside, Compared with 1900, there is a decrease of 
663 among the inside workers, and an increase of 956 among 
the outside workers, making a net increase of 293 in the number 
of persons employed at quarries. 
The total output of minerals at the mines under the Coal 
Mines Act was 231,343,224 tons, of which 219,037,240 were 
coal, 2,834,997 fireclay, 6,849,926 ironstone, 2,354,356 oil-shale, 
and 266,705 sundry minerals. Adding 9,705 tons from open 
quarries, the total output of coal was 219,046,945 tons, which 
is lower than that of the previous year by 6,1 34, 355 tons. In 
1900 the average output of minerals at mines under the Coal 
Mines Act was 382 tons per person employed underground. 
Last year the corresponding output was 357, a fall of 25 tons 
per man. The main cause of the decrease in the output per 
man, says Mr, C. Le Neve Foster, is to be found in the fact 
that the colliers worked fewer days, and sometimes shorter 
hours, in 1901 than they did in the previous year. In some 
cases higher wages enabled the workman to earn his livelihood 
though working shorter hours or taking an additional holiday 
every week ; in other cases large numbers of men were taken 
into employment while trade was brisk at the beginning of the 
year and were afterwards kept on the books, the mine being 
worked for shorter hours. The total output of minerals at the 
mines under the Metalliferous Mines Act was 3,230,565 tons, of 
which 1,671,025 tons were iron ore. The total "quantity of 
stone and other minerals obtained from the quarries under the 
Quarries Act was 40,701,869 tons, of which 2,424,951 tons were 
iron ore. Adding to the produce of mines and of quarries over 
20 feet deep, 1,329,296 tons obtained from shallow open 
workings, there is a total output of iron ore of 12,275,198 tons. 
COLONIES. 
The monthly report, compiled by the Emigrants’ Infor- 
mation Office, states that this is the best season of the year in 
which to emigrate to Canada, and a large number of persons 
have already arrived. There is an excellent demand for com- 
petent farm labourers and female servants. The building trades 
are busy, though a certain amount of unrest has been caused in 
Montreal, Toronto, and other large centres by demands of the 
employees for increased wages. Printers, and men in the cotton 
and woollen mills, are generally well employed. The lumber 
and shingle industry in British Columbia is very busy, but at 
the large coal mines of Nanaimo many miners are out of work. 
Australasia (New South Wales). — Trade continues fairly 
busy both in building and construction work. Shipping has 
fallen off, and some wharf labourers have been thrown out of 
work. The drought is still severe, and many general labourers 
have come into the towns owing to the scarcity of work in the 
country. The cost of provisions is increasing. There is a 
sufficiency of miners at the Lithgow coal mines ; the hewing rate 
is 2s. 6d. per ton for screened coal ; bricklayers, carpenters and 
female servants are in demand. (Queensland). — Owing to the 
drought and other causes there is no demand for more labour in 
Queensland at the present time. (Western Australia). — The 
report of the Western Australian Government Labour Bureau 
for the quarter ending 31st March last shows as follows : — There 
is a demand for skilled men in the building trades at Perth, 
Fremantle, Northam, and York, but elsewhere the supply is 
sufficient, or more than sufficient; there is no demand for 
miners anywhere ; there is a good demand for farm labourers 
in most districts in the South-West ; the supply of general 
labourers is sufficient except at one or two small places like 
Northam, York, and Dongarra; there is a good demand for 
female servants. (New Zealand). — In Taranaki and Wellington 
there is a good demand for farm and general labourers and 
female servants. The building trades have been busy throughout 
the colony, except at Dunedin and a few smaller places. Men 
in the engineering trades have been fairly well employed except 
at Dunedin and Wellington. The clothing trade has, generally 
speaking, been very busy. The boot trade has been very slack 
at Wellington, but has been busy in many places. Flax millers 
have been busy. There is a good demand for milking hands. 
Competent general labourers find good employment. 
South Africa (Cape Colony).— There is a demand for 
skilled mechanics, but not for farm or general labourers. No 
one may land without a permit, which must be obtained from the 
Permit Office, 47, Victoria-street, London, S.W. (Natal). — 
The following persons are wanted for the Government railways ; 
free passages to Natal are provided ; engagements are for 3 
years ; candidates must apply to the Agent-General for Natal, 
26, Victoria-street, London, S.W. , enclosing particulars as to 
age, height, whether married or single, with medical certificates 
and testimonials : Good platelayers between 25 and 40 years of 
age, with 5 years’ experience, wages, £11 to /15 a month; 
locomotive firemen, between 23 and 27 years of age, and not 
less than 5 feet 7 inches in height, with 3 years’ experience, 
wages, 8s. per day ; carriage and wagon examiners having 3 
years’ experience, wages, 9s. a day ; and carpenters, copper- 
smiths, coach body makers, and spring makers, wages, 12s. to 
13s. a day. Trade generally continues good, and a considerable 
number of artizans have arrived. The carpenters’ strike has 
been settled, the men agreeing to accept an increase of is. a 
day, instead of 2s., as at first demanded; wages, therefore, 
are now 15s. a day. The cost of living has increased. No 
one may land without a permit from the Permit Office, 47, 
Victoria-street, London, S. W. (Orange River Colony and 
Transvaal). — Only refugees, Government employees, and 
persons engaged in a service of a public nature, will be per- 
mitted to proceed to the Transvaal. Candidates for the 
South African Constabulary should apply to the Recruiting 
Officer, S.A.C. Recruiting Office, King’s-court, Broadway, 
Westminster, S.W. ; they must be good riders, good shots, 
single, strictly sober, and from 20 to 35 years of age ; they will 
be given free passages to South Africa. A few farriers also 
are wanted for this force. 
FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
Distribution of Electric Power in Home Industries in 
Switzerland and France. — The Belgian Labour Department 
has published the result of an enquiry, undertaken by order of 
the Minister of Industry and Labour, as to the social and eco- 
nomic effects of the distribution of electrical energy in home 
industries. The investigation was carried out by M. Ernest 
Dubois, professor at the University of Ghent, and M. Armand 
Julin, of the Belgian Labour Department, who studied the 
system as it exists in the watchmaking industry of Switzerland, 
the silk-weaving industry of Lyons, and the ribbon industry of 
Saint-Etienne. Each of these industries forms the subject of a 
special monograph. The conclusion arrived at is, that the 
principal advantages of the factory system are impossible of 
attainment in home industries, and that the inherent inferiority 
of home work remains unaltered by the fact that the home- 
worker has mechanical power at his disposal. The chief grounds 
of this conclusion are that where work is carried out in work- 
men’s homes, the division of labour, which is essential to the 
success of modern industry, meets with grave difficulties, and 
that home workers lack both the initiative and the capital 
necessary for that constant improvement of the manufacturing 
plant used, which is absolutely required hy the pressure of 
industrial competition. — Labour Gazette. 

EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION. 
* Q* The Imperial Institute acts in concert with the Emigrants' 
hiformation Office ( whick is under the direction of the 
Colonial Office), of 31, Broadway, Westminster, S. W. ; 
and also with the British Women's Emigratio?i Asso- 
ciation, now temporarily carrying on its work in 
rooms at the Institute. The Handbooks and Quarterly 
Circulars issued by the Emigrants' Information Office 
may be obtained at the Commercial Intelligence Office. 
Special information and practical advice respecting 
Canada and Cape Colony will also be furnished by the 
Curators of these Sections. 
UNITED KINGDOM. 
British Women’s Emigration Association. —The hon. sec. 
reports the number of applications received at the office between 
April 2i and May 21, as 675. Applications from employers have 
also been numerous, and many of them have been suited from 
the lists of approved persons, on the books of the Association. 
58 have sailed in the mouth reported upon, 16 to Canada, 39 
to South Africa, 2 to Australia, 1 to New York. A large party 
will leave for Canada on June 5, and another on the same 
day, per s.s. Gothic for South Africa and New Zealand. 
Of the 200 Elementary School Teachers, sent out by the 
Government to the Concentration Camps in South Africa, 
100 have been selected from Great Britain, 40 from Canada, 
40 from Australia, and 20 from New Zealand. The Canadian 
contingent of young women arrived in England en route for 
Cape Town, during the past month, in two parties of 20 each, at 
a week's interval. The British Women's Emigration Association 
resolved to do its part towards making the short stay in England 
pleasant to their Canadian sisters. The president of the Liver- 
pool Branch of the Girls’ Friendly Society was on the spot to 
welcome them on landing ; a delegate of the Education Sub- 
committee of the South African Committee received them on 
arrival at Euston ; and a scheme of sight-seeing and entertain- 
ment was planned for each day of the week in London. The 
first party made an expedition to Oxford at the iuvitation of a 
member of the Council, and also spent a day and night at 
Winchester, en route to Southampton, where hospitality was 
provided for them and a complete inspection of the historic 
buildings of that ancient capital of England, arranged by the 
president of the Association and a local committee of ladies. 
The second party went down to Hatfield, the fine Elizabethan 
home of Lord Salisbury, in Hertfordshire. 
On another occasion Mr. Chamberlain was so kind as 
to speak some encouraging words to the patriotic daughters 
of the Empire, whose influence in South Africa would be 
able to do much to promote feelings of mutual good-will and 
loyalty. One afternoon the visitors were entertained at tea, 
at The Imperial Institute, and they expressed themselves as 
much pleased and gratified with the attentions they had received 
while in London. They were quite fatigued with all they had 
done and seen — public buildings, theatres, picture galleries, 
and concerts, but they will have time to rest and think it all 
over, during the voyage to Cape Town, and these pleasant 
memories will cheer them amid their duties in the Camp and 
on the Veldt. It is satisfactory to hear that the Boer children 
show great eagerness to learn, and that no compulsion is 
necessary, to ensure their attending school regularly. 
When the country becomes more settled, many teachers 
will be needed for country districts. Advice and information 
about these posts, and the qualifications necessary, can be 
obtained on application from the Education Sub-committee, at 
the office of the Association, as above. 

Pulp Wood in Nov& Scotia. — Nearly all the big paper 
and pulp enterprises which have been brought forward in Canada 
during the past few years have found their reason for existence 
n the pulp wood resources of the provinces of Ontario and 
Quebec. While something has been done in the manufacturing 
of pulp in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, as yet no very 
large enterprise has originated in either of those two provinces 
during recent years. It now appears, however, that the pulp 
wood resources, as well as those of lumber, in Nova Scotia are 
coming into prominence. A syndicate, recently formed and 
composed principally of American capitalists, has just come into 
possession of a tract of 265,000 acres of valuable timber lands 
in Nova Scotia. The transfer is one of the largest recorded in 
connection with the lumber industry of the province. While 
the company will primarily devote its attention to the cutting of 
timber for the purpose of manufacturing it into lumber, it also 
intends ultimately to engage in the pulp and paper industry, 
and is already making plans to develop a large waterpower and 
build a pulp mill. As Nova Scotia is many hundred miles 
nearer to England than Ontario and all that portion of Quebec 
in which the pulp industry has thus far been developed, a 
manufacturer of pulp in that province should have a considerable 
advantage in the way of low freights in reaching the English 
market.— Paper Mill, New York. 
CUSTOMS TARIFFS. 
COLONIES. 
British Central Africa Protectorate,— Import Duties 
Increased from ist INST’.— The Board of Trade have re- 
ceived from the Foreign Office a copy of a notice stating that, 
“on and after the ist of June, the duties leviable on goods 
imported into the British Central Africa Protectorate will be 
raised from the present rate of 5 per cent, to 10 per cent, ad 
valorem. Goods consigned to persons in the said Protectorate 
and actually at sea, or in Chinde, on that date will be exempted 
from the increased rate." 
British G-uiana.— New Customs Tariff. — The Official 
Gazette of British Guiana, dated 29th March, 1902, contains a 
copy of an Ordinance (No. 8 of 1902), fixing the tariff of duties 
on goods imported into British Guiana from the date of its 
publication to the 31st March, 1903. 
The present Ordinance repeals Ordinances Nos. 1, 9, and 
11 of 1901, while it, at the same time, re- imposes the rates of 
duty previously in force, with the exception of those on the 
following articles : — 
Articles. 
Rates of Duty. 
Motor cars — not seating more than four 
$80* 
For each additional seat above four 
§20* 
Paints and colours ground in oils or any 
other liquid .... per cwt. 
60 cents.* 
Soap and soap powders, perfumed, fancy 
and toilet soaps, including medicinal anil 
medicated soaps — 
Costing 6 cents per lb. and over per lb. 
6 cents. * 
, , less than 6 cents per lb. , and 
not less than 4 cents per lb. per lb. 
2 cents.* 
All other kinds of soap . , , , 
^ cent.* 
Machinery for the reaping and preparation 
for the market of rice .... 
Free, 
Mowing machines when the Comptroller of 
Customs is satisfied that such are imported 
for agricultural purposes .... 
Free. 
Mechanics' tools in use .... 
Free. 
Pipes to be exclusively used for the sinking 
of artesian wells 
Free. 
Postage stamps 
Free. 
* With an additional charge of 5 per cent, on the duty 
leviable. 
The Ordinance also provides that when “ gunpowder, 
dynamite, fireworks or other explosives are imported for 
exportation, or in transit, no duty shall be levied thereon if the 
regulations relating to the treatment of the said articles are com- 
plied with, 
Ceylon. — Proposed Increased Export Duty on Tea. 
— The Board of Trade have received a draft of a proposed 
Ordinance providing for an increase of the export duty levied on 
tea, such duty being at present fixed at 20 cents per 100 lb. 
The present draft Ordinance provides that a duty not 
exceeding 30 cents per 100 lb. shall be imposed upon all tea of 
the produce of Ceylon exported beyond seas from such time as 
the Governor shall, by proclamation published in the Govern- 
ment Gazette , appoint. 
It also provides that the rate of duty leviable is to be 
determined by the Governor in Executive Council from time to 
time, upon consideration of such recommendations as may be 
made by the Joint Committee appointed by the Planters’ Asso- 
ciation of Ceylon and by the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, or 
the successors in office of such committee, to administer the 
funds raised under the Ordinance, and such duty is to be 
independent of, and in addition to, the duty imposed under the 
provisions of “The Medical Wants Ordinance, 1880, amend- 
ment Ordinance, 1882 ” 
Natal.— Excise Duty on Spirits.— The “Excise Act, 
1901" (No. 33 of 1901), consolidates and amends the Laws 
relating to the manufacture, storage, conveyance, and sale of 
Colonial spirits and wines, and the methylation of spirits. 
The Act came into force on ist January, 1902, and, inter 
alia, provides that : 
There shall be levied and paid for every gallon of spirits 
made in Natal, not exceeding the strength of proof by 
Sykes’ hydrometer, a duty of 7s. 6d., and so in proportion 
for any greater or less strength. 
[A rebate of duty may be granted on rectified spirits of 
wine made from spirits distilled in the colony and used by 
chemists or druggists in the preparation of medicines, per- 
fumery, and non-potable articles. 
Methylated spirits made under the provisions of this 
Act from Colonial spirits, and wine made in Natal under a 
license, are exempt from duty. 
The present Excise .Act also provides that no wine made in 
the colony must exceed a strength of 40 per cent, of proof spirit, 
or be so fortified as to exceed that strength, otherwise it shall be 
liable to the Colonial spirit duty. 
Licences are required to be obtained to keep or make stills, 
distil, rectify, or compound spirits, sell methylated spirits by 
retail, and make wine. 
Excise Duty on Beer.— An Act passed by the Natal 
Government, dated 26th August, 1901 (No. 37 of 1901), provides 
for an Excise duty of 2d. per gallon upon beer sent out from a 
brewery in the colony, unless exported by sea or overland under 
such conditions as may be prescribed, when it is exempt from 
duty. The Act in question also provides for a Customs duty of 
2d. per gallon to be imposed upon beer brewed in any Colony 
or State which is a party to a Customs Union with Natal, and 
imported into Natal by land or sea, but it is not to take 
effect until the Governor shall notify by proclamation that a 
protocol has been executed in terms of the South African 
Customs Union Convention of 1898, on behalf of all the colonies 
and possessions, being parties to the Union, agreeing to the 
imposition of such a Customs duty. 
Copies of the above-mentioned Acts maybe seen by persons 
interested on application to the Commercial Intelligence 
Branch of the Board of Trade, 50, Parliament-street, S.W., any 
day between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
Export Duty on Angora Rams and Ewes; — T he 
“ Angora Export Duty Act of 1901” (No. 12 of 1901), dated 
30th July, 1901, provides for the imposition of a duty of ^100 
upon every Angora ram or ewe exported from Natal.' The Act, 
however, provides that no such duty will be payable on the 
export of any such ram or ewe to any South African State which 
shall by its own Legislature have imposed a duty not less than 
the amount imposed by this Act. This Act is to take effect from 
a date to be fixed by proclamation, which shall not be made 
until the Governor shall have ascertained that the Governments 
of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope* and of the Province 
* The Cape of Good Hope Government has already made 
provision by an Act (No. 21 of 1899), which was promulgated 
on 13th October, 1899. 
