3oo [November, 1902.] 
IMPERIAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL. 
Vol. VIII. No. 95. 
race are well described, and also the pukeha Maoris, or runaway white sailors, who were 
the first pioneers on the islands. Mr. Irvine, the author, gives much praise to the work 
of the missionaries among the Maoris in the introduction and spread of Christianity. 
The administrations of Sir George Grey as Governor and the subjugation of the Maoris 
are well described, and the progress of New Zealand under provincial government is 
reviewed. Part II. gives an accouut of the events and legislation subsequent to 1870, 
and has been written by Mr. Alpers. The experiments that have been made in legisla- 
tion have been numerous, and daring. The extension of the franchise to women in 1893, 
is an example of the advanced ideas that prevail in the “ New Democracy.” The 
chapter on the labour laws of New Zealand will be found interesting, as showing the 
effects of the Act passed in 1894 to encourage the formation of industrial unions and 
associations, and to facilitate the settlement of industrial disputes by conciliation and 
arbitration. The progress of land settlement, education, art, science and literature are 
dealt with, concluding with a statistical appendix showing the rapid development of the 
wealth and resources of these favoured islands. 
C. Arthur Pearson, Limited (London, 1902). Among Swamps and Giants in Equa- 
torial Africa ; an Account 0/ Adventures in the Southern Sudan and British East 
Africa. By Major II. H. Austin, C.M.G., D.S.O., R.E., F.R.G.S. With two maps 
and many illustrations. Cr. 8vo., pp. 354. (Price, 15s.net.) Equatorial Africa is the 
darkest portion of the “ Dark Continent,” and though many portions of it are now 
known geographically, yet there is still much to be learnt respecting it. Major Austin’s 
book is a record of two journeys across the land of swamps and deserts ; the first of these 
was a surveying expedition in 1899-1900, when the author, accompanied by Lieut. Bright, 
made a survey of the Lobat region. The second journey in 1900-1901 from Omdurman 
to Mombasa, in EasL Africa, via Lake Rudolf, was full of hardships and adventures, 
which are related in a graphic style, though Major Austin says that he has purposely 
toned down some of the harrowing details which were found in his diary. The exploring 
party came into contact with savage hordes of hostile Turkana, a gigantic race averag- 
ing six feet in height, inhabiting the country bordering and south of Lake Rudolf. The 
author and his two comrades barely escaped with their lives, and of the 59 Soudanese 
who formed their escort only 14 survived, the majority dying for want of proper susten- 
ance. This speaks much for the endurance and courage of the Egyptian soldier. The 
illustrations inserted in the book are from photographs, and add greatly to its interest. 
The natives appear to have offered no objection to being photographed, so that many 
excellent views were taken. 
Cassell and Company, Limited (London, 1902). Aconcagua and Tierra del Fuego , a 
Book of Climbing , Travel and Exploration. By Sir Martin Conway, President 
of the Alpine Club, late Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge. With 
27 illustrations and a map. Cr. 8vo., pp. viii + 252. (Price, 12s. 6d. net.) Sir Martin 
Conway has had thirty years of climbing, during which he has performed many arduous 
and dangerous feats, but perhaps none has excelled the ascent of Aconcagua, the cul- 
minating peak of the Andes, which he made in December, 189S. Accompanied by an 
Alpine guide, the author made the ascent, in spite of its difficulties, without accident. 
The description given in his book is most interesting, and conveys an excellent idea of 
this wild region. This ascent was followed by a journey to Tierra del Fuego and an 
exploration of Mount Sarmiento. The book is well illustrated with numerous photo- 
graphic views of the scenery of this desolate land : those taken from the summit of 
Aconcagua are remarkably picturesque and striking. As a record of travel the volume 
will be found very attractive, being written in a pleasing and agreeable style. 
PIussey and Gillingham. (Adelaide, South Australia, 1901). 
History of Adelaide and Vicinity, with a general sketch of the province of South 
Australia, and biographies of representative men. Edited by J. J. Pascoe. Roy. 410., 
pp. 710. Illustrated. (Price, £%. 10s. net.) 
This work, as stated in the preface, is “an authentic record of the early endeavours, 
sturdy struggles, and patient perseverance of the pioneers of the Province during its 
childhood ; of the agricultural achievements, commercial courage, exploring enterprise, 
legislative labours, and pastoral progress during its youth ; and of the indefatigable 
industry, great generosity, financial failures, rapid recoveries and enduring energy of 
its early manhood.” It describes the period of South Australian history from its 
commencement as a British colony under King William IV., its gradual growth under 
the benign reign of Queen Victoria, down to its entrance as a State into the Common- 
wealth of Australia under King Edward VII. The description of the founding of 
Adelaide by Colonel Light in 1836 is most interesting. The second half of the book 
is devoted to interesting biographies of the men of note whose names are most closely 
associated with the political, moral, and general progress of South Australia. In an 
appendix at the end of the book will be found some excellent notes on the constitution 
of South Australia, written by the Hon. Sir R. C. Baker, President of the Legislative 
Council. The volume is beautifully illustrated with photogravures executed in the best 
artistic style, especially the numerous portraits which are given ; the printing and binding 
are all that could be wished, and the work forms a most valuable and handsome addition 
to the literature of Australia. 

STATISTICAL NOTES. 
Tea Statistics. — The annual consumption of tea in the most important markets of the 
world, for the three years 1898-1900, is shown in the following table, taken from Gow, Wilson 
and Stanton's Tea Report ; and supplied mainly by the Intelligence Branch of the Commercial 
Department, Board of Trade : — 
Annual Consumpton of Tea in English Pounds. 
Countries. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
Approx, duty per 
English lb. 
Lb. 
Lb. 
Lb. 
Australia .... 
25,601,773 
27,347,192 
28,122,969 
Free. 
New Zealand 
4,721,000 
4,799,000 
5,175,000 
2d. 
Tasmania .... 
1,012,277 
1,077,632 
1,143,094 
Free. 
Great Britain 
2 3S)4 I 4'°°° 
242,561,000 
249,792,000 
6d. 
Newfoundland 
873,386 
1,031,652 
949,612 
33% ad val. 
( free from country of 
Canada 
i9.955.°°o 
25,056,000 
24,968,000 
\ production and U.K., 
^otherwise 10% 
U, S, America 
67,697,000 
72,836,000 
83,303,000 
S,d. 
Holland .... 
7,040,000 
7,073,000 
7,665,000 
2^d. 
Cape Colony. 
2,781,528 
2,117,471 
3,327,221 
6d. 
Natal ..... 
434.718 
484,486 
410,390 
6d. 
Russia 
107,820,000 
104,436,000 
125,784,000 
8d.-is. io^d 
Denmark .... 
1,093,184 
986,290 
1,000,616 
4d, 
Uruguay .... 
182,898 
Not stated, 
Not stated. 
5fd. 
Argentina .... 
1,264,351 
1,534.764 
2,139,07s 
4^1. 
Portugal .... 
598,172 
584.943 
622,517 
2S. o^d. 
Switzerland .... 
679, 200 
681,478 
747.500 
ifd. 
Norway .... 
279,000 
275.5 00 
260,000 
is. 
Germany .... 
5,922,000 
6,039,000 
6,719,000 
5^d- 
Morocco .... 
— 
— 
— 
10% ad. val. 
Belgium .... 
1 , 255.700 
649.393 
1,194,186 
Free. 
Sweden .... 
401,079 
444.125 
476,659 
3d. 
France. 
1,837,000 
1,947,000 
2,405,000 
pd.-nfd. 
Austria and Hungary . 
2,032,700 
2,051,703 
2,347,7 0 o 
9fd. 
Bulgaria .... 
160,656 
82,716 
79.449 
4£cl. and 14% ad. val. 
Spain ..... 
149,256 
H5.259 
45°,°47 
6Jd. 
lamaica .... 
48,559 
47.958 
45,470 
IS. 
Straits Settlements 
5,876,266 
6,708.933 
6,549,984 
Free. 
Bermuda .... 
89,600 
90,720 
88,480 
5% ad. val. 
Mauritius .... 
113.056 
130.307 
55.353 
About 3d. 
Honduras .... 
32,799 
27,469 
32,954 
2 ijr?d. 
Barbados .... 
53 ,n 6 
55,850 
44,820 
3d. 
Tobago and Trinidad . 
63,004 
66,270 
72,937 
6d. 
CITY BRANCH OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE, AT 
49, EASTCHEAP, LONDON, E.C. 
The City Branch of the Imperial Institute embraces : — 
A Sample Room for the display of raw and manufactured products 
from the Colonies and India, for which it is desired to find openings in 
markets at home and abroad. 
An Information Office where enquiries relating to industrial, com- 
mercial and other matters connected with the Colonies, India and Foreign 
Countries are received and promptly dealt with. 
A News Room supplied with : — 
(a) Hand-books and directories of the British Empire, including 
many pamphlets (for free distribution) dealing with Canada, 
the Australian States, New Zealand and South Africa. 
(b) The chief trade papers of Great Britain, the Colonies and India. 
{ c ) Many commercial periodicals of the United States, Germany, 
France, Austria, etc. 
(d) Market reports, prices-current, official reports and statistics. 
The City Brattch is in constant communication , by telephone and 
messengers, with the Imperial Institute , South Kensington , Curators and 
other members of the Imperial Institute staff will attend at the office at stated 
times and by special appointment, to deal with enquiries and to assist in 
establishing or facilitating business relations with mercantile houses, etc., in the 
Colonies and in India. 
1. The Sample Room is open free to the public, by introduction. 
2. The News Room is free to Fellows of the Institute, as is also the 
Enquiry Office for the supply of such information as does not involve special 
research or correspondence. 
3. A subscription of the sum of one pound per annum, payable in 
advance, secures the free use of the News Room, and the supply, free of 
charge, of information not involving special research or correspondence. 
4. Subscribers of one pound per annum are also entitled, on presenta- 
tion of their members’ tickets, to inspect, free of charge , any maps or charts 
included in the Map Room collection at the Imperial Institute, South 
Kensington, or to consult any works, or official papers, included in the 
Institute Library. 
5. Non-Subscribers to the City Branch can be supplied with information 
upon the following terms : — 
(a) First enquiry, not involving special research or correspondence, 
free. 
(b) For each subsequent enquiry, not involving special research or 
correspondence, one shilling. 
(c) For each enquiry, involving special correspondence, or reference 
to home-experts, etc., five shillings. 
(I) For each enquiry involving Colonial or Foreign correspondence, 
ten shillings , or by special arrangement, if likely to be 
voluminous. 
6. Subscribers will have to pay the charges specified under (<r) and (d) in 
the foregoing clause, and Fellows will have to reimburse the Institute any 
out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with enquiries coming under 
those heads. 
7. The Information Office will undertake to obtain analytical or other 
examinations of samples by competent Experts, upon payment, by persons 
submitting them, of the usual professional fees, to be previously specified, 
and agreed to by the applicant. 
8. The Institute will undertake the supply, at cost price, of translations, 
into any language, of trade circulars, prices-current, etc., the conversion of 
weights, measures, coinages, etc. 
+. 
Canadian Machine for Laying BrickB.— The United States Commercial Agent at Stan- 
bridge, Quebec, reports the recent invention and trial of a machine for laying bricks. He describes 
the machine as one which is worked by two men and a lad, and says that it will lay from 400 to 
600 bricks per hour. Door and window places cause only a slight delay for the purposes of 
adjustment. It is suited for all plain work, like walls, sheds, mills, factories, rows of cottages, 
piers of bridges, and, in fact, everything except the very finest class of work. Considerable 
pressure is put upon the bricks, and it is claimed for the machine that the work is done much more 
firmly than is possible by band. It will, the commercial agent says, do the work of six or seven 
skilled bricklayers, and the opinion is expressed that such a machine, adapted to build a factory, 
say, 60 by 40 feet, could be put upon the market for the equivalent of fioo. It is so simple that 
it can be worked easily after a fortnight’s instruction. 
Malleable Glass is the invention of Mr. Louis Kauffeld, of Matthews, Indiana, United 
States, who keeps the process a trade secret, but states that neither lime nor lead enters into 
its composition. The secret lies both in the ingredients and the fusing of them, so as to avoid 
prolonged heating of the crucible from without and corrosion of it inside. A lamp chimney of this 
glass taken out of ice-cold water, and immediately, without drying, placed on a flaming lamp, 
did not break, although the flame played upon it. Another chimney put over a gas stove, so 
as to become hot at one part, melted there without breaking, and a third was filled with cold 
water and held over a fire till the water boiled. A chimney may be dropped into boiling water, 
and then into cold water, without hurt. So tough is the glass that another test is to use it as a 
hammer to drive nails, and it can also serve as a mould to shape molten glass in. It can be 
made as thin as paper, or as thick as any glass in use. The daintiest table ware of this glass 
can be handled safely. — Scientific American, 
