CL VII. GRAMINEiE (Stapf). 
17 
African species) awned, at length firm or hard ; awn from the sinus 
between 2, sometimes minute or bristle-like, lobes, rarely from the entire » 
obtuse tip, usually kneed and twisted below the knee. 
Valve of the upper floret 2-setose, minutely 2-toothed or 
entire ; awn sometimes reduced 86. Arundinella. 
Valve of the upper floret always distinctly 2 -toothed or 
2-lobed to 2-fid ; awn always kneed. 
Valve of the upper floret 2 -toothed or 2-lobed but not 
2 -fid, not transversely bearded ; keels of valvule 
unappendaged. 
Spikelets solitary on distinct pedicels ... ... 87. Trichopteryx. 
Spikelets in clusters of 3 ... ... ... ... 88. Tristachya. 
Valve of the upper floret 2 -fid, transversely bearded 
after the fashion of most Danthonias ; keels of the 
valvule with wing-like appendages ... ... 89. Danthoniopsis. 
Tribe V. AVENEiE. — Florets 2 to many, all alike ( except the uppermost which 
often are reduced). Glumes generally hyaline or scarious and shining. 
Valves membranous or subherbaceous with hyaline shining margins or 
firmer, 5- or more-nerved, rarely %-nerved ( with the side-nerves delicate and 
not submarginal) ; awn, if present, from the back or from the sinus, or from 
between bristles, kneed and usually twisted below the knee ( see Kceleria). 
Valves awnless or awned from the back. 
Florets 2, both perfect. 
Annuals ; spikelets small ; rhachilla glabrous and 
very short between the florets, shortly or 
obscurely produced beyond the upper floret 90. Aira. 
Perennials ; spikelets larger than in Aira ; rha- 
chilla hairy and more or less elongated between 
the florets ; usually produced beyond the 
upper floret into a bristle 
Florets 2 or more, the uppermost reduced. 
Panicle densely spiciform ; valves thin, 3-5- 
nerved, awnless, mucronate or minutely awned 
• from close to the tip 
Panicle not spiciform ; valves rather firm, 5-9- 
nerved, awned from the back. 
Perennial ; spikelets erect or suberect ; glumes 
usually 1-3 -nerved 93. Avenastrum. - 
Annual ; spikelets large, pendulous ; glumes 
91. Deschampsia. 
92. Kceleria. 
7-9-nerved 
.. 94. Avena. 
Valves awned (rarely mucronate) from or close to the 
sinus of the more or less distinctly 2-lobed tip. 
Florets 2, both perfect ; continuation of the rha- 
chilla minute or bristle-like 
95. Pentaschistis. 
Florets 3 to many, the uppermost reduced. 
Spikelets pedicelled(in the tropical African species), 
panicled, rarely racemose, disarticulating 
above the glumes and between the valves ; 
glumes 3-9- (rarely 1-) nerved ; valves firmly 
membranous to chartaceous, not ribbed, 
awned from the sinus ... 
Spikelets sessile and subsessile in 2-nate or digi- 
tate, flexuous spikes, disarticulating tardily 
above the glumes, tough between the valves ; 
glumes 1 -nerved; valves 7-9-ribbed, cartila- 
ginous between tne inner ribs, otherwise mem- 
branous, awned from close below the sinus ... 97. Lintonia. 
FL. TROP. AFR. VOL. IX. C 
96. Danthonia. 
