18 
CLVII. GRAMINEiE (Stapf). 
Tribe VI. ARUNDINE/E. — Florets 2 to many, enveloped by very long hairs, 
springing either from a long and slender callus or from the bach of the valves. 
Glumes and valves membranous, often hyaline, awnless or minutely awned 
from the tips. 
Only genus in tropical Africa 98. Phragmites. 
ii. Floret 1 (99-113). 
Tribe .VII. AGROSTEiE. — Floret 1. Rhachilla not continued beyond the floret 
or only as a more or less distinct point or bristle. Valve membranous or 
thinly herbaceous, not or hardly changed when mature, usually truncate, 5- 
{very rarely 3-) nerved, all the nerves or the outer side-nerves often slightly 
excurrent, parallel or at least not anastomosing; awn, if present, from 
the bach, rarely from the truncate tip. 
Spikelets not in compact false spikes, although sometimes 
in contracted more or less spicif orm panicles ; glumes 
always free at the base ; styles short ; stigmas ex- 
serted laterally. 
Glumes awned from the notched or lobed tips ; inflor- 
escence more or less spiciform, often lobed ... 99. Polypogon. 
Glumes not awned. 
Glumes slightly inflated at the base ; inflorescences 
more or less spiciform, glistening 100. Gastridium. 
Glumes not inflated at the base ; inflorescence not 
spiciform. 
Callus glabrous or shortly bearded 101. Agrostis. 
Callus with long fine hairs, often much longer than 
the floret 102. Calamagrostis. 
Spikelets in compact heads or false spikes ; glumes awn- 
less ; styles long ; stigmas exserted terminally. 
Glumes shorter than the florets ... ... ... 103. Heleochloa. 
Glumes longer than the florets, completely enclosing 
them and often connate at the base ... ... 104. Alopecurus. 
Tribe VIII. STIPEAC. — Floret 1. Rhachilla not continued beyond the floret. 
Valve hardened when mature, tightly enveloping the fruit ; nerves joining 
or closely approaching at the tip ; awn terminal, rarely 0. 
Awns 3 from the entire tip, or one, simple below and 
3 -branched above, very rarely quite simple ; ligule 
a fringe of hairs ... ... ... ... ... 105. Aristida. 
Awns solitary or 0 ; ligules membranous. 
Floret cylindric or linear-oblong ; awn kneed and 
twisted below the knee ... ... ... ... 106. Stipa. 
Floret broader than in Stipa ; awn very fine, straight, 
caducous or 0 .. 107. Oryzopsis. 
Tribe IX. ZOYSIEiE. — Mature spihelets falling entire and singly, or in clusters. 
Floret 1. Rhachilla not continued beyond the floret. Glumes equal, or the 
lower much smaller or suppressed. Valve small, delicately membranous, 
3-1-nerved. Spihelets in slender spiciform panicles or racemes. 
Glumes awnless or the upper subulate-cuspidate. 
Glumes, or at least the upper, muricate. 
Spikelets in sessile clusters of 2-4 ; lower glume 
minute, hyaline or suppressed ... ... 108. Tragus. 
Spikelets in pairs or solitary on a flattened ped- 
uncle and deciduous with it ; both glumes 
muricate, the 'lower of one of the spikelets 
almost flat and recurved, very hard . . . 109. Latipes 
