22 
CLVII. GRAMINEiE (Stapf). 
upper 2-4 valves barren, forming a tuft 
of awns 139. Lophacme. 
Spikelets in dense spike-like panicles ; 
florets many, distinctly exserted from 
the glumes ; blades broad, constricted 
and rounded at the base 140. Leptocarydion. 
Valves variously toothed or lobed with the middle and 
side nerves running out into awns or mucros. 
Spikelets usually distinctly pedicelled in open or 
; contracted panicles ; valves toothed or lobed 
and 3-awned, awns fine, bristle-like. — Sub-tribe 
Triraphidince 141. Trie a phis. 
Spikelets sessile in solitary or racemosely arranged, 
often very short and fascicle- or cluster-like, 
spikes. 
Spikes solitary and terminal on the culms ; spike- 
lets mostly olive-green or dark greyish ; all 
three nerves or (in the African species) at least 
the middle nerve running out into a fine short 
awn or mucro. — Sub-tribe Tripogonince ... 142. Tripogon. 
Spikelets in clusters (in the African genus) or 
spikes, falling entire from a slender common 
axis, the upper of each cluster or spike re- 
duced ; valves 3-toothed and 3-mucronate or 
3-aristulate (so in the African genus) or vari- 
ously lobed and awned. — Sub-tribe Boute- [chris. 
louince 143. Melanocen- 
ii. Valves 5- to many-nerved, very rarely ( Stiburus ) 3-nerved (144-171). 
Tribe XIII. PAPPOPHORE/E. — Valves broad, cleft into 3 to many, some- 
times subulate lobes with or without alternating fine straight awns from the 
sinuses, usually many-nerved. 
Fertile floret 1 ; valves cleft into 9 subulate, awn-like 
lobes 144. Enneapogon. 
Fertile florets 3-5 ; valves cleft into 4 hyaline lobes, alter- 
nating with 5 straight awns from the sinuses . . . 145. Schmidtia. 
Tribe XIV. ORYZEiE. — Spikelets all alike or more or less heteromorphous and 
unisexual. Fertile floret 1, awnless, very rarely caudate-aristate, terminal 
with 2 minute empty florets ( valves ) below it or solitary. Glumes very 
minute or confluent into an annular rim. or suppressed. Pales 3-9 -nerved. 
Stamens usually 6, rarely more or 3-1. 
Spikelets dorsally compressed in slender axillary and ter- 
minal spikes ; lower florets represented by minute 
hyaline scales, falling with the fruit ; valve mem- 
branous ; stamens 3 ... ... ... 148. Beckera. 
Spikelets laterally compressed, panicled. 
Lower florets represented by two scales or bristles fall- 
ing with the mature fruit ; stamens 6. 
Fertile valve coriaceous ... ... ... ... 147. Oryza. 
Fertile valve membranous ... 148. Potamophila. 
Lower florets quite suppressed ; fertile valve papery ; 
stamens 6-3 ... ... ... ... ... ••• 149. Leersia. 
Tribe XV. PHALARIDEiE. — Spikelets all alike. Fertile floret 1, awnless, 
terminal with 2 & or neuter florets below it (the latter reduced to minute scales 
