CLVII. GBAMINEiE (Stapf). 
23 
in Phalaris). Glumes distinct, often equalling or exceeding the terminal 
floret. Valvules, if 'present, 2 -nerved or that of the terminal l-nerved. 
Stamens 6 or 3 {in the African species), or 4 or 2. Bhachilla not or very 
obscurely produced. 
Both empty florets, or at least the upper, larger than the 
fertile, exceeding or equalling the glumes. 
Emptjr florets awned from below the tip, the middle 
one from near the base of the membranous valve, 
6 r or barren ; awn of the upper empty floret often 
kneed 150. Anthoxanthum. 
Empty florets reduced to more or less cartilaginous 
awned or awnless valves ; awn, if any, from 
the tip of the valve, straight ... ... ... 151. Ehrharta. 
Both empty florets reduced to minute scales, enclosed 
together with the fertile floret within the glumes ... 152. Phalaris. 
Tribe XVI. FESTUCE.E. — Glumes more or less resembling the valves in general 
appearance. Fruiting florets 2 to many, very rarely 1, often much exserted 
from the glumes. Valves 5- or more-nerved, very rarely 3- or 1 -nerved, then 
neither with the side-nerves submarginal nor with the spilcelets in 2-ranked 
spikes ; awns, if present, terminal or subterminal, never kneed. 
Spikelets in panicled clusters or more or less spike-like 
panicles or true spikes ; valves membranous to 
papery or subcrustaceous, 5--9-nerved or 3-nerved 
( Stiburus , Elytrophorus), side-nerves conniving or 
joining below the tip, awns, if any, fine, short, 
terminal or subterminal. — Sub-tribe Dactylidinc/e. 
Florets homoeomorphous or the uppermost more or 
less reduced. 
Spikelets in dense spike-like or subcapitate inflor- 
escences. 
Spikelets falling entire and singly from the pedi- 
cels of a compact spike-like panicle 153. Fingerhuthia. 
Spikelets breaking up at maturity. 
Spikelets in long, cylindric, sometimes inter- 
rupted, spike-like panicles ; glumes and 
valves narrow mucronate- or aristulate- 
acuminate ; valves 3-nerved. 
Glumes and valves drawn out into long subu- 
late points ; spikelets in sessile clusters, 
the clusters forming a long dense or more 
often interrupted spike ; keels of valvule 
winged; stamen 1 154. Elytrophorus. 
Glumes and valves shortly mucronate-acu- 
minate ; spikelets clustered on the short 
branches of a much contracted spike - 
like panicle : keels of valvule not winged; 
stamens 3 155. Stiburus. 
Spikelets in compact ovoid heads or short, rarely 
elongated, interrupted spikes ; glumes and 
valves broad ; valves 9-nerved 156. ^Eluropus. 
Spikelets in very short secund spikes or singly on the 
branches of a much contracted, almost capitate 
panicle, laterally very much compressed ; the 
herbaceous glumes and the pale -green 5- 
nerved valves acuminate to mucronate-acu- [mania. 
minate 157. Drake-Brock 
