164 
CLVII. GRAMINE^E (Stapf). 
[Arthraxon. 
faintly raised inner, spinulously muricate along the outer nerves, 
margins hyaline, comparatively wide ; upper glume linear-lanceo- 
late in profile, membranous, 3-nerved, glabrous or nearly so. 
Lower floret reduced to a valve which is linear, acute, up to almost 
2 lin. long, hyaline, nerveless or obscurely 1 -nerved at the base. 
Upper floret § : valve membranous at the base, hyaline upwards, 
narrowly lanceolate-linear in profile, 2-toothed, with the teeth 
minute, sometimes produced into short capillary bristles, 2-2J lin. 
long, delicately 3-nerved, awned from near the base, awn 5-7 lin. 
long, very fine, kneed about the middle, twisted below. Anthers over 
1 lin. long. Grain bacilliform, about 2 lin. long. Pedicelled spike- 
let d > linear-lanceolate, acute, about 2 J lin. long. Glumes sub- 
equal ; lower herbaceous-chartaceous, acute, scaberulous along the 
outer and slightly so on the 4-5 inner nerves or almost smooth ; 
upper glume slightly shorter, membranous, otherwise as in the sessile 
spike! et. Valve of lower floret as in the sessile spikelet, of upper 
floret linear-oblong, obtuse, nerveless, muticous. — A. lanceolatus, 
Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 348 (excl. /3 echinatus) ; Hook, f., 
FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 143 (partly) ; A. 1., var. genuinus, subvar. serru- 
latus, Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2me ser. ii. 10 ; Chiov. in Ann. 
Istit. Bot. Roma, viii. 22 ; A. 1., var. serrulatus, Durand & Schinz, 
Consp. FI. Afr. 704 ; Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1907, 209. Androjpogon 
serrulatus, Link, Hort. Berol. i. 241 (the specimen : description partly 
erroneous ?) ; A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss, ii. 458. A. prionodes, Steud. 
Syn. PI. Glum. i. 383. Batratherum lanceolatum, Nees in Edinb. New 
Phil. Journ. xviii. (1835) 181. B. serrulatum, Hochst. ex Steud. l.c. 
Nil eland. Gallabat : Matamma, Schweinf urth, JA2X1. Eritrea : Hamasen, 
Mount Lese, Pappi, 92 ! North Ginda, Schweinfurth, 144; between Mai-Baba 
and Belta, Schweinfurth, 1059 ; below Geleb, Schweinfurth, 1581 ; near Acrour, 
Schweinfurth & Riva, 1091 ! Barasio Valley, Schweinfurth, 695. Assaorta, Pappi, 
2421 ; Ocule Cusai, Pappi, 4169 ! Mensa, Terracciano & Pappi, 669, 1045, 
1384, 2048. Abyssinia : Mount Sholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 1117 ! Dehli 
Dikeno, 4600 ft., Schimper, 256 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 957 ! 
Somaliland : Golis range, Drake- Brockman, 476 ! and without precise locality, 
Drake-Brockman, 12 ! 22 ! 381 ! Mrs. Lort Phillips ! 
This also occurs in tropical Arabia and in India, including the bulk of the 
material referred to Arthraxon lanceolatus, as understood by most authors. A. 
lanceolatus, Hochst., was based on Andropogon lanceolatus, Roxb., a Coromandel 
plant, with larger and wider long- awned spikelets, the first glume of which is 
very minutely muricate towards the tips only. There is a figure of it in the 
Roxburgh collection at Kew. 
2. A. cuspidatus, Hochst. in Flora, 1856, 188. Annual. Culms 
erect or ascending, 1-14 ft. high, simple or with 1 or 2 flowering 
branches, many-noded, smooth, glabrous. Leaf-sheaths terete, 
tight, shorter than the internodes, grooved, more or less hirsute with 
tubercle-based hairs, bearded at the nodes, the uppermost glabrous ; 
ligule short, hyaline, ciliate ; blades lanceolate, finely acuminate, 
cordate at the amplexicaul base, 1J-2J in. long and \ in. wide, thin, 
flaccid, ciliate, with scattered hairs on both sides, which rise (like the 
