266 
CLVil. gramine^s (Stapf). [Cymbopogon. 
the sessile spikelets of the heterogamous pairs, rarely neuter, 
in those of the homogamous pairs and in the pedicelled spikelets. 
Fertile spikelets dorsally, rarely laterally, compressed, awned (nor- 
mally) ; callus very short, obtuse, shortly bearded. Glumes equal 
or subequal, rriore or less chartaceous, the lower almost flat or slightly 
depressed or narrowly grooved on the back with at least from the 
middle upwards sharply indexed margins, 2-keeled, the upper more 
or less boat-shaped, keeled upwards, usually 1-nerved. Valves 
ciliate or ciliolate (sometimes obscurely), of the lower floret entire, 
hyaline, 2-nerved, of the upper 2-fid or 2-lobed, hyaline, rarely 
firmer and almost stipe-like below the insertion of the awn ; column 
of awn, if any, smooth. Valvule 0. Lodicules 2, minute, 
glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted; styles ter- 
minal. Grain oblong in outline, subterete to plano-convex in 
cross-section ; embryo about half the length of the grain. Pedi- 
celled spikelets usually slightly different in shape and size from the 
sessile, but never depressed or grooved on the back. Glumes muti- 
cous, the lower chartaceous to subchartaceous, the upper thinner. 
Of the valves only that of the lower floret present (see C. Schcenan- 
thus), hyaline, 2-nerved ; upper floret usually represented by a 
naked $ flower, rarely suppressed. — Perennial densely tufted and 
usually aromatic grasses, with often very coarse leaves and fre- 
quently much compound and contracted spatheate panicles. 
Species about 36, in the tropical and more rarely in the subtropical regions 
of the Old World. 
*Tardily flowering perennials ; innovations intra vaginal ; 
culms rising from dense bunches of firm persistent 
leaf-sheaths and innovations ; blades hard, long, 
filiform to narrowly linear, if over 2 lin. wide, then 
long-attenuated at the base ; the lower glume of the 
fertile spikelet shallowly concave to almost flat on 
the back, or if grooved then the bottom of the groove 
rounded. 
f Fertile spikelets awned ; awn differentiated into a 
twisted column and a bristle, or reduced to a 
straight bristle, about 3 lin. long. 
fKeels of the lower glume of the fertile spikelets 
acute, wingless upwards ; panicle rarely decom- 
pound (2, C. sennarensis). 
Lower glume of fertile spikelet shallowly concave 
or almost flat ; joints and pedicels villous on 
the back and the edges. 
Blades (at least those of the basal leaves) 
minutely asperulous under the lens on all 
the nerves of the back ; awn short, imper- 
fectly kneed and twisted or bristlelike ; 
base and adjacent pedicel of sessile raceme 
stout, tumid, hard, often barrel-shaped. 
Blades filiform, \ lin. in diam., semiterete, 
with narrow herbaceous margins ; most 
or all of the rays simple, hence panicle 
comparatively scanty ... ... ... L C. Schoenanthus 
