272 
cl vii. gramineje (Stapf). [Cymbopogon. 
upper internodes exserted. Leaf-sheaths terete, firm, glabrous, 
slightly rough, those of the innovations and bases of the culms very 
tough, long-persistent, 2-3 in. long, widened downwards, of the 
culms rather tight and more or less herbaceous upwards ; ligules 
membranous, ciliolate, truncate, up to slightly over 1 lin. long ; 
blades narrow to very narrow, tapering to a long setaceous point, 
the inner of the innovation-shoots up to 1 ft. by j-1 lin., the outer 
and those of the culms shorter and up to over 1J lin. broad, folded 
at first, then often quite flat, particularly the broader, rigid, or at 
least very hard, glabrous, finely scaberulous on all the nerves, 
glaucous often turning reddish, paler to whitish on the upper surface, 
very closely nerved, midrib very slender. Spatheate panicle linear- 
oblong in outline, narrow, interrupted below, J ft. to over 1 ft. 
long, up to 2 in. wide ; lower internodes 3-6 in. long, upper much 
shorter to very short ; lower primary branches not much exceeding 
the adjacent internodes, the upper decreasing in length in proportion 
to the internodes ; lowest undivided at the base, the following 
usually forming 2-rayed tiers, each ray distichously divided, re- 
sembling (before flowering) a laterally compressed lanceolate to 
oblong spike, 1-2 in. long, with a distichous succession of 3-5 spathes 
enclosing tiers of up to 3 rays ; or the false panicle so much reduced 
as to resemble when young a single lanceolate spike ; rays somewhat 
unequal, finely filiform, up to over 2 lin. long ; spathes lanceolate, 
rather firm, herbaceous with membranous to hyaline margins, sub- 
glaucous, usually bladeless, 1-lj in. long. Spatheoles lanceolate, 
acute to subulate-acuminate, thinly herbaceous, 5-7 lin. iong, 
pale green; peduncle up to 1J liu. long, filiform, tips truncate. 
Racemes 2-nate, divaricate or more often only slightly diverging, at 
length deflexed, 4-7 lin. long, white-villous, one subsessile, the 
other, rarely both, with a bare base, under 1 lin. long ; bases very 
villous, with cupular and denticulate tips, that of the subsessile 
raceme as well as the adjacent pedicel stout, short, somewhat 
swollen and hard ; fertile joints linear, up to 1J lin. long, densely 
hairy on the back and angles, hairs increasing upwards to 2 lin., 
tips slightly cupular ; adjacent pedicels similar to the joints. 
Homogamous spikelets one at the base of each raceme or only 
of the sessile. Fertile spikelets linear to lanceolate-linear, acute 
to acuminate, including the callus 2J-3 lin. long, glabrous, slightly 
darker or brownish upwards ; callus short, obtuse, shortly bearded. 
Glumes equal, chartaceous ; lower obscurely concave on the back 
below the middle ; keels acute, wingless, minutely scaberulous, 
intracarinal nerves 0, or 2 short ones in the upper part ; upper glume 
narrowly lanceolate in profile, acutely acuminate, 1-nerved, keel 
wingless. Lower floret reduced to an oblong 2-nerved or nerveless 
hyaline ciliate valve up to 2 lin. long. Upper floret ^ : valve very 
narrow, very shortly 2-fid, cuneate-linear and subhyaline below the 
insertion of the awn, 1 J lin. long, lobes broad, truncate or subtruncate, 
