306 
clvii. gramine^: (Stapf). [Hyparrhenia. 
Bengo, Welwitsch, 7195 ! 7196! Pungo Andongo ; Islands of Calembo River, 
Welwitsch, 7409 ! Malanje District; between Umziga and Luculla, Gossweiler, 
902 ( partly) ! Benguela ; country of the Ganguellas and Ambuellas, near 
Princeza Amelia, Gossweiler, 3927 ! Cazengo ; Camondai, Gossweiler, 5559 ! 
Chitandu River, between Goudkopje and Kalele, 4000 ft., Baum, 198 ! Huilla ; 
Lopollo, Welwitsch, 7511 ! 
South Central. Belgian Congo : Katanga District ; Tschinsenda, Rogers, 
10205! 
Mozambique Distr. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1075 ! Lyne, 89 ! German 
East Africa : Bukoba ; Itara, Mildhraed, 102, 104. Kilimanjaro ; Kwa Ngowe, 
5250 ft., Volkens, 353! 5000 ft., Johnston ! Usambara ; Mascheua, Holst, 
8817 ! Hosigu, Holst, 2534 ! Coast, Kirk, 95 ! Seliman Mamba, Basse, 
2757 ! and without precise locality, Busse, 107 ! Portuguese East Africa : 
Zambesi Delta, Kirk ! Misonque ; banks of Zambesi, Scott ! Banks of Macussi, 
Carvalho. Nyasaland : Milanji Mountains, Whyte ! Shire Highlands, Adam- 
son, 105 ! Rhodesia : near Mumbwa, Mrs. Macaulay, 64 ! 70 ! Salisbury, 
Allen, 741 ! Nobbs, 619 ! Victoria Falls, Rogers, 13140 ! Bulawayo, Rand, 
411 ! Umtali, Sawer, 25! Gazaland; Melsetter, 4000-6000 ft., Swynnerton, 
1606 ! 1712 ! Luzito River, 3500 ft., Swynnerton, 1655 ! Upper Buzi River, 
3000-5000 ft., Swynnerton, 993a ! 993c ! 995 ! 
Also in the Mascarene Isles and in Brazil. Commonly used for grass-fencing 
in Nigeria, and for thatching in Angola. “ Yamma ” (Sokoto), “ Mosseque ” 
or “ Mosoqu^^ Angola). 
Var. major A SUipi? Panicle loose ; racemes looser than in the type, each 
with 1 homogamous pair of 6 spikelets at the base ; fertile spikelets 2 -| lin. 
long, pedicelled 2£-3 lin. long, 6. — Cymbopogon rufus, var. major, Rendle in 
Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. ii. 155. 
Lower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; island of Calemba, common in 
sandy wooded places, W elwitsch, 7409 ! Camondai-Cazengo, Gossweiler, 4984 ! 
South Central. Belgian Congo : Katanga ; Tschinsenda, Rogers, 10395 ! 
Chiovenda ( l.c .), under Andropogon rufus, var. fulvicomus, also quotes a 
specimen collected by Tellini (no. 473, 1-6, xii. 1902) between the Anseba river 
and Az Taclesan (Amasen) which he says is noteworthy on account of its very 
villous absolutely white-haired racemes. This character suggests very strongly 
that the plant in question is Hyparrhenia hirta, which species is actually recorded 
as having been collected by Tellini in the same place (no. 465 ; 1-6, xii. 1902). 
The same applies probably to Gioli’s white-haired specimen from the Atbara 
(no. 1), first referred by Chiovenda (l.c. 26) to Andropogon Schimperi and then 
(p. 288) to A. rufus. Besides these the following specimens are quoted by 
Chiovenda (l.c. 287-288) under A. rufus: (a) genuinus, Hack. — Eritrea. 
Sarae ; Adi Gana, Pappi, 253 ; (13) fulvicomus, Hack. — Eritrea : Sarae ; Adi 
Gana, Pappi, 326, and Gaza Gobo, Pappi, 215, 216 ; subvar. approximates — 
Eritrea : Margus (South Sarae) ; Adi Mabit, Pappi, 942-943 ; ( 7 ) glabrescens, 
Chiov. — Eritrea : Amasen ; Mai Hinzi, Pappi, 3340, and Ocule Cusai ; Soyra 
Mountains, 9200-9850 ft., Pappi, 1242. The last variety is said to have shortly 
hairy ( g ) to glabrous ( <$ ) spikelets. None of these specimens has been seen 
by me, and it is an open question whether those referred to 13 fulvicomus 
represent II. rufa or, as is more likely, H. altissima. 
II. rufa is very generally distributed throughout tropical Africa with the 
exclusion of the driest parts where in the north and south-west it is replaced by 
H. hirta. As might be expected from a grass of so wide a distribution, it varies 
greatly. Some of the variations are evidently edaphic, whilst others suggest 
the presence of more or less fixed races. To segregate these from the herbarium 
material available seems to be impossible. Rendle’s variety major has been 
retained, as it represents an extreme of deviation in the looseness and size of the 
spikelets, but these characters may after all indicate no more than the limits 
of fluctuation. Hackel’s var. fulvicomus rests on the specimens distributed 
by Hochstetter as Andropogon fulvicomus (Schimper, 928, 935, 1114, 1118), 
and (with the exception of Schimper, 935) quoted by A. Richard when he 
