2 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
been generically identified with existing African forms, while Troglodytes , Gyno- 
cephalus and Struthio are unknown from those deposits, the affinity of the fauna of 
Africa to that of the Pikermi beds does not appear to be so close as it does to that 
of the Siwaliks. The genus Merycopotamus needs no introductory comment. 
I. THE PRIMATES. 
Family I. SIMIIDJD. 
Genus I. TROGLODYTES, E. Geoffroy. 1 
Dentition. — The upper dentition of the existing representative of this genus is 
characterized by the small size of m. 3 and the relative shortness of the antero- 
posterior diameter of the upper premolars, in both of which respects it differs 
markedly from Gorilla and Simla and approximates to man. The Siwalik representa- 
tive was formerly referred to a distinct genus under the name of Palceopithecus . 2 
Species. Troglodytes sivalensis, nobis . 3 
Syn. Palceopithecus sivalensis, nobis . 4 
History. — The palate on which this species is founded was collected in 1878 by 
Mr. Theobald near Jabi in the Punjab, and has been already described and figured 
in the paper cited. 
Palate. — The type palate is represented in pi. I. figs. 1, la; on the right side 
the canine and the last four cheek-teeth are preserved, while pm. 3 and the outer 
incisor are shown by their broken bases : the summit of the canine and the postero- 
external angle of m. 2 have been broken off, and the centre of the crown of the latter 
has been affected by decay during the life of the animal. On the left side m. 2 is in 
a perfect condition, but the crowns of m. 1 and m. 3 are broken off. All the teeth are 
partially worn. It was originally considered that the specimen belonged to a 
female, but a comparison with skulls of the Chimpanzee (in which the canine is 
relatively smaller than in the Orang and Gorilla) indicates that it should rather be 
referred to a male. 6 
That the affinity of the specimen is with the larger Simiidce is self-apparent. 
The two series of cheek-teeth have a slight convergence anteriorly, in which respect 
they differ from Gorilla, Simla, and Troglodytes niger (in which the inclination is in 
the opposite direction), and agree with Hylobates. The outer border of the pre- 
molars is placed somewhat internally to that of the true molars, while the corre- 
sponding border of m. 2 is placed externally to that of m. 1 and m. 3 , in both of 
which features the specimen differs from Gorilla 7 and Simia 8 and agrees with Troglo- 
dytes niger 8 although in the excessive development of these features it is still closer 
1 ‘ Ann du Museum.’ vol. XIX. p. 87 (1812). 
2 ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XII. p. 33 (1879). The writer then followed Owen’s arrangement of including Gorilla in 
Troglodytes. 3 ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XII. p. 33 (1879). — Palceopithecus. < Loc. cit. 
6 In the original figure (plate facing p. 52 fig. 5) the two fragments of the specimen were not put in apposition. 
6 In the small size of its canine the male Chimpanzee resembles the female Orang. 
1 Compare Owen ‘ Trans. Zool. Soc.’ vol. IV. pi. XXVI. 8 Ibid. pi. C T .X V. 
9 Owen “ Odontography” pi. CXVIII. fig. 1. 
