SIWALIK MAMMALIA. 
5 
Species. Semnopithecus pal^eindicus, nobis. 1 
History . — The history of the specimens referred to this species (which were all 
obtained from the typical Siwalik Hills) is given in the u Cat. Foss. Mamm. Brit. 
Mus.” pt. I. pp. 2, 3. 
Mandible . — The type specimen is figured in pi. I. fig. 7, and consists of part of 
the hinder portion of the right ramus of the mandible showing the last four cheek- 
teeth in a half-worn condition ; the right ramus of the mandible of a large male of 
S. schistaceus (Hodgson) being represented in fig. 6. A comparison of these two 
figures shows such an extremely close resemblance as to indicate that the two 
specimens are generically identical. 2 The absolute size of the teeth is the same in 
the recent and fossil jaws, and both exhibit a large hind talon to mT3. 3 The fossil 
jaw is, however, readily distinguished from the mandible of 8. schistaceus and the 
rather smaller 8. entellus by the inferior vertical depth of the ramus. 4 
Other specimens . — Another fragment of a right mandibular ramus and a right 
astragalus are provisionally referred to this species in the “ Cat. Foss. Mainm. 
Brit. Mus.” pt. I. 
Affinities . — The specific distinctness of this form from 8. schistaceus and S. 
entellus indicates that it is equally distinct from all the other existing species, 
none of which attain the size of the former ; the fossil 8. monspessulanus is also of 
considerably smaller dimensions. That S. palceindicus may have been the ancestor 
of 8. schistaceus is highly probable. 
Genus II. MACACUS, Cuv. and Geoffroy. 5 
Distribution. — The genus is now spread over the whole of the Oriental region, 
and also occurs in north Africa, Gibraltar, Tibet, north China, and Japan. If the 
generic determination of M. pliocenus , Owen, 6 be correct the genus occurred in the 
pleistocene of England, and it was represented in the upper pliocene of the Val 
d’Arno by M. florentinus ) Cocchi, and M. ausonius, Major, 7 and in the lower pliocene 
of Montpellier and Casino 8 by M. priscus, Gervais. 
Species. Macacus sivalensis, nobis. 9 
History . — This species is founded on two fragments of maxillae obtained in 1877 
by Mr. Theobald, from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, which have been previously 
described and figured in the ‘ Records.’ 10 
Maxilla. — The two type specimens are represented in pi. I. figs. 9, 1 0, and the 
right half of the palate of a male of M. rhesus in fig. 8. Fig. 9 is a fragment of 
1 Supra, vol. III. p. 123 (1884). 
2 A comparison of these figures with figs. 4, 5, will show the distinctness of the present fossil from Cynocephalus. 
3 Some specimens of S. entellus show a much smaller talon to this tooth. It is not improbable that the jaw with which 
Falconer and Cautley compared the fossil may have belonged to S. schistaceus rather than to S. entellus. 
4 See “ Palaeontological Memoirs,” vol. I. pi. XXIV. fig. 5. 
5 ‘ Magasin Encyclopedique,” 1795. — Macaque 6 See “ Cat. Foss. Mamm. Brit. Mus.” pt. I. p. 4. 
7 1 Atti. Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat.’ vol. I. p. 39 (1876). The writer is unacquainted with a description or figure of the remains 
of this species or of M. florentinus. 8 See Major, op. cit. p. 224. 9 ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XI. p. 70 (1878). 
10 1 Loc. cit. and vol. XII. plate facing p. 52. figs. 2, 3. 
B 
