SIWALIK MAMMALIA. 
21 
Turning now to Tetraceros and taking for comparison a female skull 1 of which 
the first four upper cheek-teeth are figured in the accompanying woodcut, it will be 
found that there is a very close resemblance in 
almost every particular. The general contour of 
the orbital and fronto-nasal region, of the palate, 
and of the lachrymal depression, is almost identical 
in the recent and fossil crania. The true molars of 
the recent form agree with those of the fossil in the 
breadth of their external lobes, and the absence of 
an inner accessory column ; 2 while the premolar 
series °* the former bears near, y the same relative 
of a female, from the grinding and proportion to the true molar series as obtains in 
outer aspects. Recent, Madras. British 
Museum (No. 884a). the latter, and also shows the same incompleteness 
of the inner crescents of pm. 2 and pm. 3 ; the length and narrowness of the two latter 
teeth is, however, rather less marked in the recent skull, and the anterior costa in 
pm. 3 and pm. 4 is somewhat less prominent, while there is a minute inner root to 
pm. 2 , and the lateral palatal notches are deeper than in the fossil. The length of 
the whole series of cheek-teeth in the recent cranium is 2*35 inches. The fragment 
of the mandible mentioned above agrees very closely with the lower jaw of the 
recent species, and, as already mentioned, exhibits the slender accessory external 
column characteristic of certain specimens of the latter. 
As the result of the foregoing comparisons there appears no doubt that the 
cranium under consideration indicates an antelope so closely allied to the existing 
T etraceros , that it may be pretty safely referred to the same genus ; but whether the 
specimen indicates a female individual, or that the anterior horns (which are incon- 
stant in the existing species) were not developed in the fossil form, cannot be 
determined. The inferior size of the latter and the characters of the premolars 
indicate its specific distinctness, and it may be appropriately named T. daviesi. 
The present form is of considerable interest as exemplifying more fully than 
hitherto the remarkable mingling in the Siwaliks of genera now respectively confined 
to India and Africa. A fragment of the maxilla with the three true molars of a small 
Siwalik antelope in the British Museum (No. M. 3493) differs from the corresponding 
part of the cranium of Tetraceros daviesi by the narrower outer surfaces of the teeth, 
and may perhaps belong to a small species of Gephalopus. 
1 This specimen belongs to the variety specifically separated by Gray under the name of T. subquadricornutus ; see 
Hand-list of Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in British Museum,” p. 89. No. 884a (1873). 
2 This character is not a constant one, since the male crania of the type form in the British Museum exhibit a slender 
accessory column in the true molars ; similar variations occur in the corresponding lower teeth. 
