FAUNA OF THE KARNUL CAVES. 
25 
E j Rubble bed. 
H. Red cave-earth, stony above. 
I. Red and mottled cave-earth. 
J. Red-brown cave-earth with patches of calcareous sand. 
K ) 
k' | Red sandy cave-earth with blocks of limestone. 
M.\ 
q' > Stiff marly clay. 
P. J 
In this section bed A1 is of extremely recent origin, and may be neglected ; 
human teeth were found in bed A, pottery occurred in B. C., and Mr. Foote 1 records 
implements from K and L. 
The second section is in the Cathedral, and is as follows. 
C. Surface bed. 
C. Grey sandy bed. 
Stalagmite in irregular masses. 
Ca. Red sandy cave-earth. 
Cb. j 
Cc. J Stiff red clay. 
Cd. ) 
| Stiff dark marl. 
Ch. Dark loamy marl. 
£j- | Grey marl. 
qJ 1 ' | Grey marl. 
In this section the beds Cc. and Cd. yielded the most important specimens. 
Condition of the bones. — The majority of the bones and many of the teeth are 
stained of a full brown colour, and strongly impregnated with mineral matter. 
Other specimens, however, which were obtained from beds containing extinct species, 
are scarcely altered, and are almost indistinguishable from the bones of recent 
animals ; and since these specimens belong to fossorial rodents and carnivores it is 
pretty evident that they are of later age than the highly mineralized specimens with 
which they are associated. 
The teeth of Rhinoceros from bed Cc. in the Cathedral are but little altered ; and 
many of the incisors of Ilydrix and other rodents from bed Cd. still retain their 
original orange colour. Of the larger mammals no complete skulls were found, the 
majority of the remains consisting either of detached teeth, fragments of the jaws, 
or more or less imperfect limb-bones. Of the smaller mammals skulls were found in 
some instances ; but in many cases the only determinable remains are fragments of 
the jaws and limb-bones. Vast quantities of bones of Chiroptera and small Rodentia — 
probably introduced, as Mr. Foote suggests, by owls — were obtained in many of the 
beds, but these are totally valueless as not being even generically determinable. 
A considerable number of the larger bones have been gnawed by porcupines. 
l ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVII. p. 206. 
