26 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Age of the fauna— The comparatively large number of species either totally 
extinct, or which are not now found living in India, renders it probable that the age 
of a considerable part of the Karnul cave deposits is not newer than the pleistocene , 
and the fauna, as being almost certainly more recent than that of the Naibada beds, 
may be provisionally assigned to the later part of that period. 
II. MAMMALIA. 
List of species. — Three preliminary and provisional lists of the Karnul mammals 
have been already published — two by Mr. Foote , 1 * and one by the present writer. 
The following list gives the result of the final determinations, but there is no evidence 
that Mus platythrix, and Golunda elhoti are contemporaries of the extinct forms. 
Primates. — Semnopithecus entellus ( Dufresne ). Rodentia. Golunda ellioti, Gray. 
Hystrix crassidens, nobis. 
Atherura karnuliensis, nobis. 
Lepus (cf. nigricollis, F. Cuv .) 
Ungulata. — Equus asinus, Linn. 
sp. a. 
Rhinoceros karnuliensis, nobis. 
Bos or Bubalus, sp. 
Boselaphus tragocamelus {Pall.) 
Genus non. del. 
Gazella bennetti (.Syto). 
Antilope cervicapra {Linn). 
Tetraceros quadricornis {Blainv.) 
Cervus aristotelis, Cuv. 
axis, Erxl. 
(?) Cervulus muntjac (Zimm.) 
Tragulus (cf. meminna \_Erxl.f) 
Sus cristatus, Wagner. 
karnuliensis, nobis. 
Edentata. — Manis gigantea, Llliger. 
Relations. — The most remarkable feature in this list is the occurrence among a 
number of existing Indian species of a Cynocephalus which may be identical with 
a living African species, of Jlycena crocuta , of a small Equus indistinguishable from 
E. asinus , and of a Manis apparently identical with the existing west African M. 
gigantea ; 3 while scarcely less noteworthy is the occurrence of a peculiar species of 
Rhinoceros , and of a Hystrix and a Viverra specifically distinct from the species now 
living in India, as well as of the non-Indian genus Atherura. The occurrence 
of the genus Cynocephalus and of forms identical with African species of Jlycena 
1 ‘Rec. Geo. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVII. p. 202. XVIII. p. 231. 2 Ibid. vol. XVIII. pp. 120-121. 
3 The importance of the occurrence of these forms would not he diminished even if it should ever he discovered that 
some of them present slight differences from their existing African representatives which might entitle them to specific 
distinction. 
c^ynucepiiaius, sy. 
Carnivora. — Felis tigris (or ? leo) Linn. 
(?) pardus, Linn. 
chaus, Guldens/. 
rubiginosa, Geoffr. 
Hyaena crocuta (Erxl.) 
Viverra karnuliensis, nobis. 
Prionodon (?), sp. 
Herpestes griseus, Desm. 
fuscus, Waterh. 
Ursus labiatus, Blainv. 
Insectivora. — Sorex, sp. 
Chiroptera. — Taphozous saccolsemus, Temm. 
Phyllorhina diadema (Geoffr.) 
Rodentia. — Sciurus macrurus. Hardw. 
Gerbillus indicus (Hardw.) 
Nesokia bandicoota (Bech.) 
kok, Gray. 
Mus mettada (Gray). 
platythrix, Sykes, 
sp. var. 
