30 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Canine. — The left upper canine 1 represented in fig. 18 of the same plate exhibits 
on its outer surface 2 the grooves characteristic of the genus, and from its size may 
be referred to the present species. 
Distribution . — This species occurs at the present day throughout India, and to 
the eastward ranges into Assam and Burma, and to the westward into Persia, the 
borders of the Caspian, and north Africa. Its occurrence in the pleistocene of India 
points to the probability of that country having been its original home. 
Felis rubiginosa, Geoffr. 
Maxilla and mandible. — This very small cat, which is peculiar to Madras and 
Ceylon, is represented by four specimens in the Karnul collection. The imperfect 
left maxilla figured in pi. VII. figs. 14, 14a shows pm. 3 and pm. 4 , and the alveoli of 
the canine and m4, and also exhibits the characteristic absence of pm. 2 . This 
specimen was obtained from bed Ca. of the Cathedral. The slightly imperfect right 
mandibular ramus represented in fig. 15 of the same plate was obtained from bed 
Cb. of the latter cave ; and the collection also contains a less perfect specimen of 
the same side from bed Ca. 
Humerus. — The right humerus represented in fig. 16 of the above-mentioned 
plate was found in bed Cc. of the Cathedral. The specimen has lost the head and 
part of the lateral expansion of the entepicondyle (en. c ) ; it exhibits the well-marked 
entepicondylar foramen (cf) and the absence of a supracondylar perforation, which 
are characteristic features of the humerus of Felis as distinguished from that of 
Viverra i 3 and Herpestes, and since it agrees in relative size with the jaws it may be 
pretty safely referred to the present species. 
Hyaena crocuta (Erxleben). 
Carnassial. — The partially- worn left lower carnassial of a hyaena represented in 
pi. VII. figs. 13, 13a was obtained from bed Ce. in the Cathedral, and agrees precisely 
with the corresponding tooth of the present species. It is somewhat smaller than is 
usually the case with the pleistocene European race of the species 4 (although some 
examples of the latter are scarcely larger 5 ), and agrees more nearly in this respect 
with the existing African race. The characteristic features of the lower carnassial 
of this species are the total absence of an inner cusp, the very small size of the 
hind talon, and the frequent presence of a small cingulum on the external aspect of 
the anterior half of the blade ; this cingulum being well-developed in the present 
specimen. The lower camassials of the Siwalik H. felina 6 and II. colvini 7 are mainly 
distinguished from the corresponding tooth of II. crocuta by the decidedly larger 
1 The -writer could not determine from which cave this specimen was obtained ; it is marked Pop. 
2 The inner surface is shown in the figure. 
3 The perforation is absent in Oenetta and Paradoxurus, but the humerus of the latter is distinguished by the great width 
of the distal expansion. 
4 Compare Gaudry, “Histoire des Temps Quatemaires,” pi. TV. fig. 9. (1876). 
5 Ibid. pi. I. fig. 1. 6 Supra, vol. II. pi. XXXVIII. fig. 1. 
7 Ibid. fig. 3. 
