38 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY YERTEBRATA. 
not only from H. hirsutirostris , but from all other existing species. In respect of 
size the Siwalik H. sioalensis 1 agrees with the fossil, but is distinguished by its low- 
crowned and rooted molars ; and since the writer has been unable to identify the 
Karnul form with any other fossil porcupine it is regarded as a new species, which 
may be known as H. crassidens. It is probable that this species is the connecting 
link between the Siwalik and the existing Indian porcupines. 
Horizon. — The majority of the remains of the present species were obtained 
from the Cathedral cave, and mainly from the bed Cd, although some were met 
with in beds C, Gc, Ce, and Cf. 
Atherura karnuliensis, n. sp., nobis. 
Distribution of the genus. — The genus Atherura is now confined to west Africa 
and the regions on the eastern side of the bay of Bengal. The Oriental A . fasciculata 
is rather larger than the Ethiopian A. africana , but is closely allied. 
Definition. — The present species is rather larger than A. fasciculata, and distin- 
guished by the greater bevelling of the lateral borders of the anterior surface of the 
incisors. 
Incisors. — The species is represented only by a few upper and lower incisors, two 
of which, obtained from bed Cd in the Cathedral cave, are figured in pi. VIII. figs. 22, 
23. Compared with the incisors of A. fasciculata these teeth indicate a slightly larger 
form, and are distinguished by the more-marked bevelling of their outer edges, and 
a difference in their curvature. They are still larger than the incisors of A. africana , 
but much smaller than those of any existing species of Hystrix. Their resemblance 
to the incisors of Atherura is indeed so close as to leave little, if any, doubt as to 
their generic identity, and since they appear to indicate a form decidedly distinft 
from either of the existing species it has been thought well to give to this form tne 
name of A. karnuliensis. The rarity of the remains of Atherura as compared v/ith 
those of Hystrix seems to indicate that the former genus was dying out in Madras in 
the pleistocene, but its occurrence there is of considerable importance as tending 
to bridge over the enormous interval separating the areas respectively inhabited by 
the two existing species. 
Lepus (cf. nigricollis, F. Cuvier). 
Mandible. — In the absence of any evidence to the contrary the remains of 
the Karnul hare are provisionally referred to the existing south Indian species, 
although they are really insufficient for specific determination. There are three 
specimens of imperfect right mandibular rami (No. F. 218), of which the least im- 
perfect was obtained from bed Ca in the Cathedral, while the other two were found 
in bed A a in the Chaper-House. 
Limb-bones and vertebrae. —In the Cathedral, Charnel-House, and Purgatory caves 
limb-bones and vertebrae of the hare are very common, and exteud to beds low down 
i Supra, vol. III. p. 109. 
