48 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY YERTEBRATA. 
variation ; the complexity being greatest in male animals. The figured specimen is 
an average example, but in some individuals the portion d consists of only a single 
column 1 ; while in others the complexity is as great as in the specimen represented in 
fig. 5, where there are four distinct columns in this portion. With the exception of 
one specimen (No. F. 2 66&), which agrees with the one figured in the woodcut, all 
the Karnul teeth exhibit the extreme complexity of talon which is only sometimes 
met with in the existing race. In the (probably male) specimen represented in fig. 
4 the columns are rather taller, and their inner surface more flattened than in any 
recent examples which have come under the writer’s notice, in both of which respects 
the specimen approximates to the corresponding tooth of the Siwalik 8 . falconeri, of 
which specimens are represented in vol. III. pi. VII. figs. 1 and 2 of this work. In 
male individuals of that species (vol. III. pi. VII. fig. 2) the third molar is con- 
siderably larger than the Karnul teeth ; but in the female (vol. III. pi. VII. fig. 1) 
this tooth is very nearly of the same length as the latter. The Karnul and other 
teeth of 8. cristatus may, however, be easily distinguished from those of females of 
S. falconeri , by the smaller interval between the column marked a and the anterior 
extremity, which is indicative of the less degree of lateral compression and antero- 
posterior extension of the main columns of the former teeth. This feature is, 
however, rather less marked in the specimen represented in pi. IX. fig. 4 than in the 
other teeth. 
JJpper molar . — The slightly-worn third right upper true molar from bed Cd in 
the Cathedral represented in pi. IX. fig. 7 agrees in relative size and the great com- 
plexity of the talon (a, b, c ) with the lower teeth. There are two equal-sized 
specimens (No. F. 260£, 2676) from beds Cb and Gd in the Cathedral, in the latter 
of which the talon is still more complex. 
Lower canine. — The anterior portion of the left lower canine of a male from 
bed Ca in the Cathedral represented in pi. IX. fig. 10 can scarcely be distinguished 
from the corresponding tooth of large individuals of the existing race, and indicates 
that some of the molars described above belong to the same sex. 
Range and affinity . — The Karnul specimens carry back Sus cristatus to the later 
pleistocene, and the impossibility of distinguishing the third lower Karnul molars 
from the corresponding tooth of the mandible from the Narbada described on page 
85 of the preceding volume of this work 2 almost certainly indicates the existence of 
the species in the earlier part of the same period. The tendency to a greater com- 
plexity of structure in the last molar of the fossil race appears to show decided 
evidence of affinity with S. falconeri, and to indicate the probability of the living 
species being a descendant from the Siwalik form which has lost the elongated facial 
portion of the cranium characteristic of the latter ; and in the sequel it is suggested 
that the next species may be the survivor of the intermediate form. The existence 
1 In vol. III. p. 75 it is stated (from the comparison of an insufficient number of specimens) that the portion d always 
consists of only a single column. 
2 See “ Cat. Foss. Mamm. Brit. Mus.’ pt. II. p. 266. Nos. 36843, 36725 (1885). 
