FAUNA OF THE KARNUL CAVES. 
53 
afforded by the apparently tarso-metatarsus represented in woodcut fig. 7. This 
Fig. 7. Francolinus pictus. The left tarso- Fg. 8. Francolinus pondicerianus. The left 
metatarsus ; from the Cathedral cave (bed tarso-metatarsus ; from the Cathedral cave 
Ca). ■}. Indian Museum (No. F. 318). (bed Ca). Indian Museum (No. F. 342). 
specimen was obtained from bed Ca in the Cathedral, and cannot be distinguished 
from the corresponding bone of the existing bird ; it is, however, also difficult to 
distinguish it from the tarso-metatarsus of the female of Francolinus pondicerianus. 
Other hones. — A left femur and tibio-tarsus (No. F. 342a) from beds Ca and Cb in 
the same cave may probably be likewise referred to the present species. 
Francolinus pondicerianus (Gmelin). 
Syn. Ortygornis pondiceriana , Auct. 
Tarso-metatarsus. — The left tarso-metatarsus from bed Ca in the Cathedral repre- 
sented in woodcut fig. 8 is furnished with two spurs, of which the greater portion 
of the uppermost one is broken away. The specimen is much smaller than the corres- 
ponding bone of the Indian Galloperdix , or the west African Francolinus bicalcaratus, 
and agrees in point of size with the metatarsus of the grey francolin. In existing 
males of the latter species there is, however, normally but one spur, although Jerdon 
states that a secondary spur is occasionally found 1 at the base of the normal one.’ 1 
In view of this variation, and it being certain that the fossil bone cannot belong to 
any other existing Indian bird, it is provisionally regarded as indicating the occur- 
rence of a variety of the grey francolin among the Karnul fauna. 
Grus (c/. communis, Bechstein). 
Metacarpus. — Two specimens of the left metacarpus (No. F. 314) of a large 
wader agree so closely with the corresponding bone of Grus communis that they may 
be regarded as indicating the occurrence among the Karnul fauna of a member of 
that genus, which is very probably identical with the above-named species. 
Ibis melanocepiiala (Latham). 
Syn. Threskiornis melanocephala, Auct. 
Limb-hones. — Of the black-headed ibis, which is widely distributed in south- 
1 Marshall and Hume (“ Game Birds of India ”) state that they have only observed this secondary spur in domesticated 
birds. 
