56 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
of the Punjab. 1 The characteristic shortness of the centrum and the breadth and 
bluntness of the haemal ridge, are well shown in the figure. 
Naia tripudians (Merr.) 
Vertebra . — A dorsal vertebra of a snake (No. F. 336£) from bed Cb in the 
Cathedral indicates the occurrence of Naia tripudians among the Karnul cave-fauna. 
This specimen agrees precisely with the dorsal vertebra of this species described and 
figured in Owen’s “ Monograph of the Reptiles of the London Clay,” pt. II. p. 55, 
pi. XIII. figs. 13-16 (1850), where the distinctive features are clearly identicated. 
Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) 
Vertebra . — The dorsal vertebra of a large snake from bed Cb in the Cathedral 
represented in woodcut fig. 13 agrees so 
closely in structure with a vertebrae of a 
small example of the widely-distributed Ptyas 
mucosus in the British Museum, 2 that it may 
be safely referred to the same genus, and 
probably to the same species. The recent 
vertebra with which it was compared belonged 
to an individual between two and three feet 
in length, but living examples are found of seven-and-a-half feet in length, and the 
fossil indicates an individual of perhaps somewhat larger dimensions. The characters 
distinguishing the vertebrae of the present genus from those of Python (fig. 12) are 
the longer centrum, the more strongly developed haemal ridge, and the greater 
prominence of the articular facettes for the ribs. 
Pig. 13. Ptyas mucosus. A dorsal vertebra, viewed 
from the posterior (A) and ventral (B) aspects ; from 
the Cathedral cave (bed Cb). Indian Museum 
(No. F. 336a). 
V. AMPHIBIA. 
Bofo {cf. melanostictus, Schneider). 
Humerus . — The only amphibian remains that have come under the writer’s 
notice 3 are several imperfect specimens of the 
'Paw humerus of a Bufo from beds Ob and Cc in 
the Cathedral. These specimens, of which 
U| one is represented in woodcut fig. 14, may 
probably be referred to the common Bufo 
llH melanostictus , which ranges over the whole 
* , vJ of India, and many of the adjacent coun- 
Fig. 14. Bufo {cf. melanostictus). The imperfeot left j. • 
humerus; from the Cathedral cave (bed Cc). £. Indian tries. 
Museum (No. F. 337). 
1 i Supra, vol. III. p. 237. pi. XXXV. fig. 4. The specimen represented in fig. 7 is a dorsal and not a caudal vertebra. 
2 The writer is indebted to Mr. G. A. Boulenger of the British Museum for having caused this specimen to be prepared 
for the purpose of comparison. 
3 Mr. Foote ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVIII. p. 232 mentions the occurrence of Rana. 
