CRIMSON-WINGED TROOPIAL. 
pressed, with seven large anterior scutella, of which the upper are blended, 
and two lateral plates meeting at an acute angle behind ; toes rather large, 
compressed, the first much stronger, the outer a little shorter than the inner ; 
claws large, arched, compressed, acute. 
Plumage soft, blended, glossy, the feathers ovate and rounded. Wings of 
ordinary length, the second and third quills longest and equal, the first 
shorter than the fourth ; the outer secondaries abrupt, and slightly repand. 
Tail of twelve broadly rounded feathers, rather long, almost even, the lateral 
feathers being only two twelfths of an inch shorter than the longest. 
Bill and feet black, iris hazel. The general colour of the plumage is glossy 
bluish-black ; the smaller wing-coverts deep carmine, their lower row white. 
Length to end of tail 9 inches ; bill along the ridge -]4 ; wing from flexure 
5 ; tail 3/2 ; tarsus 1-^ ; hind toe f4, its claw A ; second toe its claw A ; 
third toe its claw A ; fourth toe its claw -,-V 
CRIMSON-WINGED TROOPIAL, OR RED-AND-BLACK- 
SHOULDERED MARSH BLACKBIRD. 
Agelaius gubernator, Wagler. 
PLATE COXY. — Male axd Female. 
Of this species, which appears to be abundant about the Columbia river, 1 
have received two specimens from Mr. Townsend, who procured them 
there. Having seen individuals from Mexico, I think it probable that it 
returns to that country to spend the winter. Of its habits however I regret 
that I am entirely ignorant. 
Psarocolius Gubernator, Wagler, Syst. Avium. 
Crimson-winged Troopial, Icterus gubernator , And. Orn. Biog. vol. v. p. 211. 
Male, 9 ; wing, 5 r V 
California. 
Adult Male. 
Bill shorter than the head, conical, straight, stout, compressed toward 
the end, tapering to a fine point ; upper mandible with the dorsal line nearly 
