138 
THE LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 
scarcely perceptible ; but I have thought it necessary to figure both, in 
order to show the quarrelsome disposition of these birds even when united 
by the hymeneal band. 
Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius Carolinensis, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. iii. p. 57. 
Lanius ludovicianus, Bonap. Syn., p. 72. 
Lanius Excubitoroides, American Grey Shrike, Swains, and Rich. F. Bor. Amer., 
vol. ii. p. 115. 
Loggerhead Shrike, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 261. 
Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus , Aud.Orn.Biog\,vol.i. p. 300 ; vol.v. p. 435. 
Third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, second and sixth equal ; tail 
rather long, graduated ; bill black, upper parts deep leaden-grey, lower 
greyish-white, the sides bluisli-grey ; a streak of whitish over the eye, and 
margining the forehead ; loral space, and a patch behind the eye, black ; 
posterior scapulars almost entirely white ; quills and coverts black, secon- 
daries narrowly tipped with white ; bases of primaries white, forming a 
conspicuous patch on the extended wing ; tail-feathers black, all except the 
middle pair white at the end, that colour occupying nearly two-thirds of 
the outer, and gradually diminishing on the rest. Female with the plumage 
somewhat darker. Young brownisli-white beneath, the breast and sides 
transversely barred with dark grey. 
Male, 8S, 13. 
From Louisiana to Carolina, laterally to the Columbia river, and north- 
ward to the Fur Countries. Abundant. Resident in the south. Migratory 
in the north. 
A male preserved in spirits measures 8j-§ inches in length ; extent of 
wings 12 ; wing from flexure 4 ; tail 4£. 
The roof of the mouth is as in the other species ; its width 7 twelfths; 
the tongue is 6 twelfths, the posterior aperture of the nares 5 twelfths. 
The lobes of the liver are very unequal, the right being the largest. The 
oesophagus is 24 inches long, 4 twelfths in width, but on entering the thorax 
contracting to 24 twelfths ; the proventriculus 3 twelfths. The stomach 
is irregularly elliptical, a little compressed ; the muscles thin, especially 
the lower; the epithelium thin, tough, ■'brownish-red, with longitudinal 
rugm. The intestine is 9 inches long, from 3 twelfths to 1 twelfth wide ; 
the coeca extremely small, 24 twelfths long, £ twelfth wide ; the cloaca 
email and oblong. 
The trachea is 24 inches long, moderately flattened, II twelfths broad at 
the commencement, 1 twelfth at the lower part ; the rings firm, about 56, 
with 2 dimidiate rings. The lateral muscles are very slender, as are the 
eterno-tracheal, and there are four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles on each 
