CEDAR WAXWING. 
173 
is 3£ twelfths in breadth. The stomach, d e, is a small moderately 
muscular gizzard, of a roundish form, twelfths in length, and 8 twelfths 
in breadth ; its lateral muscles well defined, the right 3 twelfths, the 
left 2J twelfths thick ; the tendons oblong and of moderate size ; the 
epithelium dense, tough, longitudinally rugous, and of a reddish colour. 
The liver is extremely large, the right lobe 1 inch 8 twelfths in its greatest 
length, the left 8 twelfths. The intestine, fg h ij, is short, and of excessive 
width, its length 7£ inches, its breadth in the duodenal portion twelfths, 
and so continuing with little diminution to the end. The duodenum, fg h, 
carves at the distance of inches, passes forwards, as usual, to beneath the 
liver, then runs down the right side, bends to the left, curves again to the 
right over the duodenum, and crossing to the right over the stomach 
terminates in the rectum. The coeca, i, are 2% twelfths long, and li twelfths 
in w idt ; their distance from the extremity 8 twelfths. There is no de- 
cided cloacal enlargement. In the oesophagus are several small berries ; 
the stomach is filled with berries and seeds, and the intestine contains a very 
great number of the latter, so that this bird evidently has not the .power 
of pounding and digesting such as are hard. The same circumstance is 
observed in Woodpeckers, through the intestines of which seeds pass un- 
changed. 
In another individual the oesophagus is turgid with globular berries, 2 
twelfths in diameter, so as to form an elongated crop, lying on the right 
side of the neck, and extending over it behind. 
The trachea is 2i inches long, of the uniform width of 1 twelfth, con- 
siderably flattened, of 80 pretty firm entire, and 2 dimidiate rings. The 
muscles of the inferior larynx, although four in number, are remarkably 
small, compared with those of a Thrush. The bronchi are slender, of 18 
half rings. The lateral muscles are very slender, as are the sterno-tracheal. 
The intestine of this bird is proportionally wider than in any other ex- 
amined. Its oesophagus assimilates it to the Finches and Buntings ; its 
mouth, tongue, and intestine to the Swallows and Flycatchers. 
The Red Cedar. 
Juniperus Virginian a, Willd., Sp. PL, vol. iv. p. 863. Mich. Arbr. Forest. del’Amer. 
Septent., vol. iii. p. 42. PI. 5. — Dicecia monadelphia, Linn. — Conifers, Juss. 
This plant is very generally distributed in the United States, and fre- 
quently attains a height of from forty to fifty feet, with a diameter of a foot or 
fifteen inches at the base It is distinguished by its ternate leaves, which 
